{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:30:47Z","timestamp":1787070647996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Aim and Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study explores the correlation of blood levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) between PCOS and non-PCOS women, considering the endocrine-disrupting properties of OCPs and their potential role in PCOS pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A case\u2013control study was conducted at Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, from September 2022 to March 2024. Serum samples from 110 women diagnosed with PCOS and 110 age- and weight-matched controls were analyzed for 17\u00b0CP residues using gas chromatography. Clinical examination to calculate height, weight, body mass index, and waist\u2013hip ratio was conducted. Signs of hyperandrogenism, such as acne and hirsutism, along with acanthosis nigricans, were documented. Hormonal profiles through chemiluminescence immunoassay were assessed. Correlation analysis entails examining connections between OCP and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) through the application of the Pearson correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n PCOS patients exhibited significantly higher levels of several OCPs, including Alpha BHC, Beta BHC, Gamma BHC, Delta BHC, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan Sulfate, Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde, PP-DDE, PP-DDT, and PP-DDD (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) in comparison to their age- and weight-matched controls. Dieldrin levels showed no significant difference in both cohorts. Elevated OCP levels correlated with increased androgens, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and disrupted gonadotropin secretion in PCOS patients while no association was measured in controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The findings suggest that environmental exposure to OCPs is associated with PCOS exacerbates the disease by disrupting hormonal balance and acting as endocrine disruptors. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and inform targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Significance:<\/jats:title>\n This study highlights the potential role of OCPs in association with PCOS, emphasizing the need for public health measures to reduce exposure to these harmful chemicals, which may help manage PCOS symptoms and improve health outcomes for affected women.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_50_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T06:00:20Z","timestamp":1750658420000},"page":"201-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of Organochlorine Pesticide Exposure as Endocrine Disruptors with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ruchika","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binita","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamna","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaifali","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urvashi","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250628","first-page":"393","article-title":"Epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome: A global perspective","volume":"27","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"R2-20250628","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Indian women: Is there a rising incidence?","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034","article-title":"Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: An update on mechanisms and implications","volume":"33","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R4-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1010","article-title":"EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals","volume":"36","author":"Gore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R5-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11748","article-title":"The pine river statement: Human health consequences of DDT use","volume":"117","author":"Eskenazi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R6-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6503","article-title":"Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the U. S. Population","volume":"112","author":"Barr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R7-20250628","first-page":"251","article-title":"Exposure to environmental chemicals and autoimmune disease","volume":"177","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062265","article-title":"Effect of endocrine disruptor pesticides: A review","volume":"8","author":"Mnif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R9-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R10-20250628","first-page":"53","article-title":"Serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Vagi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"R11-20250628","first-page":"606","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Merkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"R12-20250628","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in women with PCOS and healthy controls","volume":"24","author":"Pathak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R13-20250628","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Association of beta-BHC levels with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Kandaraki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"R14-20250628","first-page":"A376","article-title":"Elevated gamma-BHC levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R15-20250628","first-page":"6034","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their impact on female reproductive health","volume":"19","author":"Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"R16-20250628","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Elevated aldrin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R17-20250628","first-page":"244","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants and hormonal imbalance in PCOS: A case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"R18-20250628","first-page":"551","article-title":"Reference values for serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dioxins, furans, non-ortho, and mono-ortho chlorinated biphenyls in the French-speaking community of Belgium and analytical study of their evolution in time","volume":"496","author":"Charlier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"R19-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408778","article-title":"Brominated flame retardants and other persistent organohalogenated compounds in relation to timing of puberty in a longitudinal study of girls","volume":"123","author":"Windham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R20-20250628","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Elevated serum concentrations of methoxychlor in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R21-20250628","first-page":"84","article-title":"Environmental pollutants, a possible etiology for premature ovarian insufficiency: A narrative review of animal and human data","volume":"90","author":"Vabre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"R22-20250628","first-page":"29815","article-title":"Serum levels of endosulfan compounds in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"R23-20250628","first-page":"4465","article-title":"Association of endosulfan exposure with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R24-20250628","first-page":"912","article-title":"Elevated heptachlor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"118","author":"Pathak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R25-20250628","first-page":"517","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants and hormonal imbalance in PCOS: A case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"R26-20250628","first-page":"297","article-title":"Elevated heptachlor epoxide levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Ruder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R27-20250628","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Impact of heptachlor epoxide on LH and FSH levels in PCOS patients","volume":"102","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R28-20250628","first-page":"463","article-title":"Correlation of heptachlor with clinical and hormonal profiles in PCOS","volume":"37","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"R29-20250628","first-page":"613","article-title":"Elevated PP-DDE levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"121","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"R30-20250628","first-page":"96","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants and hormonal imbalance in PCOS: A case-control study","volume":"68","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"R31-20250628","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2003.09.002","article-title":"The long-term effects of DDT exposure on semen, fertility, and sexual function of malaria vector-control workers in Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"96","author":"Dalvie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Mid-life Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmh.jmh_50_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:34:06Z","timestamp":1787067246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmh.jmh_50_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmh.jmh_50_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-7800","0976-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}