{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:19:58Z","timestamp":1787775598216,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n The study aimed to compute the effective dose (E) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) of routine adult patients undergoing thorax and abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging and to present their multivariate analysis. All adult thorax and abdominal CT examinations conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 were prospectively included in this study. The Water Equivalent Diameter (\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n ) and SSDE of all the examinations were computed from CT dose index volume (\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n ) and Dose length product (DLP) displayed on the dose report in the CT console. The multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation of SSDE and E on\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n area of the region of interest (ROI) (\n AreaROI<\/jats:italic>\n ), body mass index (BMI), conversion factor (\n fsize)<\/jats:italic>\n and hounsfield (\n HUmean<\/jats:italic>\n ) number in the ROI at 95% level of significance (\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05). The linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the dependence of SSDE and E on other parameters for both abdominal and thorax patients. A total number of 135 (Abdomen = 61 and Thorax = 74) measurements were performed. The mean value of effective dose for abdomen and thorax patients was found to be 7.17 \u00b1 3.94 and 4.89 \u00b1 2.16\n mSv<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively. The SSDE was observed to be 13.24 \u00b1 3.61 and 13.04 \u00b1 3.61\n mGy<\/jats:italic>\n for thorax and abdomen respectively. The multivariate analysis suggests that SSDE for abdominal CT is found significantly dependent on\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n fsize<\/jats:italic>\n with\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05 and E is found to be significantly dependent on DLP,\n AreaROI<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n fsize<\/jats:italic>\n at 95% level of confidence for abdominal CT imaging. SSDE for thorax CT was found significantly dependent on BMI,\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n HUmean<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n fsize<\/jats:italic>\n at 95% level of confidence. Furthermore, E was observed dependent on DLP at\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05. The linear regression analysis also shows that E is strongly correlated with DLP (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.0) for both thorax and abdominal CT, further the SSDE was observed strongly correlated with\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n with\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.79 and\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.86 for abdomen and thorax CT respectively. A strong correlation was observed between BMI and for\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n abdominal CT imaging (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.68). The mean value of SSDE for thorax is slightly greater than abdomen. The average value of effective dose for abdomen and thorax measurements was found to be 7.17 \u00b1 3.94 and 4.89 \u00b1 2.16\n mSv<\/jats:italic>\n and , correspondingly. SSDE for both abdomen and thorax CT is significantly dependent on\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n and\n fsize<\/jats:italic>\n at 95% level of confidence. The strong correlation was also observed E on DLP and SSDE on\n CTDIvol<\/jats:italic>\n for both Abdomen and Thorax CT. The strong dependence of\n Dw<\/jats:italic>\n on BMI (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.68) is due to the excessive fat concentration around the stomach and abdomen.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_102_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T18:41:12Z","timestamp":1725648072000},"page":"210-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multivariate Analysis of Effective Dose and Size-Specific Dose Estimates for Thorax and Abdominal Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Mudasir Ashraf","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtab","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saifullah","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed M. Danish","family":"Qaseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayema","family":"Talib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajad Ahmed","family":"Rather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Physics and Bio-Engineering, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arfat","family":"Firdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Government Degree College, Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i5.210","article-title":"Size-specific dose estimates:Localizer or transverse abdominal computed tomography images?","volume":"6","author":"Pourjabbar","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"R2-20240906","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Computed tomography dosimetry:From basic to state-of-the-art techniques","volume":"5","author":"Matasubara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Phys Int J"},{"key":"R3-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204346","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/204346","article-title":"A survey of organ equivalent and effective doses from diagnostic radiology procedures","volume":"2013","author":"Osei","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Radiol"},{"key":"R6-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12121145","article-title":"Through the looking glass revisited:The need for more meaning and less drama in the reporting of dose and dose reduction in CT","volume":"265","author":"Bankier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R7-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0257294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257294","article-title":"Size-specific dose estimates of adult, chest computed tomography examinations:Comparison of Chinese and updated 2017 American College of Radiology diagnostic reference levels based on the water-equivalent diameter","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R8-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12383","article-title":"Comparison of methods to estimate water-equivalent diameter for calculation of patient dose","volume":"19","author":"Daudelin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"R12-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101800","article-title":"CT dose index and patient dose:They are not the same thing","volume":"259","author":"McCollough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R13-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3368596","article-title":"The feasibility of a scanner-independent technique to estimate organ dose from MDCT scans:Using CTDIvol to account for differences between scanners","volume":"37","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"R14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3533897","article-title":"The feasibility of patient size-corrected, scanner-independent organ dose estimates for abdominal CT exams","volume":"38","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"R16-20240906","first-page":"2","article-title":"Effective dose and size specific dose estimate (SSDE) of the torso:In low dose MDCT protocol in multiple myeloma","volume":"3","author":"Lyra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Diagn Imaging"},{"key":"R17-20240906","article-title":"Annals of the ICRP, ICRP Publication 105, Radiological Protection in Medicine","author":"Valentin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polestar Wheatons Ltd., Exeter, UK:International Commission of Radiological Protection"},{"key":"R19-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10100787","article-title":"Evaluation of impact of factors affecting CT radiation dose for optimizing patient dose levels","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"R22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncx069","article-title":"Accuracy of size-specific dose estimate calculation from center slice in computed tomography","volume":"178","author":"Boos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"key":"R23-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15142160","article-title":"Size-specific dose estimates for chest, abdominal, and pelvic CT:Effect of intrapatient variability in water-equivalent diameter","volume":"276","author":"Leng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R24-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/aaa32c","article-title":"Institutional computed tomography diagnostic reference levels based on water-equivalent diameter and size-specific dose estimates","volume":"38","author":"Boos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Radiol Prot"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_102_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:34:22Z","timestamp":1787772862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_102_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_102_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-6203","1998-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-6203","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3913","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}