{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:34:53Z","timestamp":1786649693576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the study was to quantify set-up errors and derive optimal clinical target volume to Planning Target Volume (PTV) margins for rectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, while also evaluating the influence of body mass index (BMI) on set-up accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 41 patients and 1102 daily cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. For each patient and fraction, the mediolateral (X), craniocaudal (Y), and antero-posterior (Z) translational shifts were measured. Population systematic (\u03a3) and random (\u03c3) errors were calculated from per-patient summary statistics (see Methods), and PTV margins were derived using the van Herk formula (margin = 2.5 \u03a3 +0.7 \u03c3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean systematic set-up error was small: 0.04 mm (X), 0.57 mm (Y), and 0.13 mm (Z), reflecting high reproducibility of daily image-guided positioning. Using \u03a3 and \u03c3, the derived PTV margins were 7.4 mm (X), 9.1 mm (Y), and 9.7 mm (Z). A moderate positive correlation between BMI and the Z-axis set-up error was observed (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.55,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). Overall, 23.1% of fractions required corrections &gt;5 mm, underlining the value of daily CBCT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonuniform, axis-specific margins are essential to accommodate anatomical and physiological variability in rectal cancer radiotherapy. The use of daily CBCT significantly enhanced set-up precision. Findings align with ICRU 62\/83 and QUANTEC recommendations and support individualized planning approaches, especially in diverse patient populations where BMI and pelvic anatomy may affect positioning accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_123_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T20:00:54Z","timestamp":1767211254000},"page":"731-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Axis-specific Set-up Errors in Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy: A Prospective Cone-beam Computed Tomography-Based Study with Body Mass Index Correlation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Ainain Yousuf","family":"Baba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abid","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obair Yousuf","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misbah","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740601","article-title":"A study of head and neck cancer patients with reference to tobacco use, gender, and subsite distribution","volume":"11","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2018.04.002","article-title":"Trends in incidence of Ewing sarcoma of bone in India \u2013 Evidence from the National Cancer Registry Programme (1982-2011)","volume":"12","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112706","article-title":"Radiation therapy in thoracic tumors: Recent trends and current issues","volume":"14","author":"Cella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1146-3","article-title":"Auto-versus human-driven plan in mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma radiation treatment","volume":"13","author":"Clemente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6578","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15262","article-title":"Reducing systematic errors due to deformation of organs at risk in radiotherapy","volume":"48","author":"R\u00f8rtveit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"R7-20260420","first-page":"331","article-title":"Study on setup errors for different body carcinoma radiotherapy with image guidance in TOMO-HD","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Radiol Health"},{"key":"R9-20260420","first-page":"1","article-title":"VMAT dosimetric study in rectal cancer patients","volume":"5","author":"Amaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Res J Med Biomed Sci"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/25924254","article-title":"Geometric uncertainties in radiotherapy","volume":"77","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00518-6","article-title":"The probability of correct target dosage: Dose-population histograms for deriving treatment margins in radiotherapy","volume":"47","author":"van Herk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.12.005","article-title":"Margin reduction in radiotherapy for glioblastoma through (18) F-fluoroethyltyrosine PET? 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