{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:31:55Z","timestamp":1787841115932,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance characteristic of volumetric image-guided dedicated-nozzle pencil beam-scanning proton therapy (PT) system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PT system was characterized for electromechanical, image quality, and registration accuracy. Proton beam of 70.2\u2013226.2 MeV was characterized for short- and long-term reproducibility in integrated depth dose; spot profile characteristics at different air gap and gantry angle; positioning accuracy of single and pattern of spot; dose linearity, reproducibility and consistency. All measurements were carried out using various X-ray and proton-beam specific detectors following standard protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All electro-mechanical, imaging, and safety parameters performed well within the specified tolerance limit. The image registration errors along three translation and three rotational axes were \u22640.5 mm and \u22640.2\u00b0 for both point-based and intensity-based auto-registration. Distal range (R\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and distal dose fall-off (DDF) of 70.2\u2013226.2 MeV proton beams were within 1 mm of calculated values based on the international commission on radiation units and measurements 49 and 0.0156\u00d7 R\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      , respectively. The R\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      and DDF were reproducible within a standard deviation of 0.05 g\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      during the first 8 months. Dose were linear from 18.5 (0.011 MU\/spot) to 8405 (5 MU\/spot) MU, reproducible within 0.5% in 5 consecutive days and consistent within 0.8% for full rotation. The cGy\/MU for 70.2\u2013226.2MeV was consistent within 0.5%. In-air X(Y) spot-sigma at isocenter varies from 2.96 (3.00) mm to 6.68 (6.52) mm for 70.2\u2013226.2 MeV. Maximum variation of spot-sigma with air-gap of \u00b120 cm was \u00b10.36 mm (5.28%) and \u00b10.82 mm (\u00b112.5%) along X- and Y-direction and 3.56% for full rotation. Relative spot positions were accurate within \u00b10.6 mm. The planned and delivered spot pattern of known complex geometry agreed with (\u03b3%\u22641) for 1% @ 1 mm &gt;98% for representative five-proton energies at four gantry angle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PT-system performed well within the expected accuracy level and consistent over a period of 8 months. The methodology and data presented here may help upcoming modern PT center during their crucial phase of commissioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_12_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1595230695000},"page":"59-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization and Performance Evaluation of the First-Proton Therapy Facility in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Dayananda Sharma","family":"Shamurailatpam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Manikandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ganapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Noufal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartikeshwar C.","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rajesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 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