{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:24Z","timestamp":1787169624451,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ionizing radiation has been extensively used for medical diagnosis since its discovery in 1895; however, excessive use can lead to deleterious effects. Prior knowledge on radiological protocols based on simulations would be a practical tool for optimal use of radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scan length of the thorax was measured from computed tomography (CT) topographic images and cross-sections at three levels of the thorax were measured from tomographic images of 500 adults and 340 children who had undergone CT thorax examinations using Centricity workstation software. The effective diameter (ED) of the thorax was calculated from anterio-posterior (AP) and transverse anatomical dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 17% increase in scan length was observed for 6\u201310 years age group compared to 0\u20135 years, whereas there was marginal increase for 11\u201315 years of age. A 11.5% increase was observed for 16\u201318 years compared to 11-15 years age group. The cross-sectional phantom dimensions were calculated from ED measurements obtained from three regions of the thorax.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has provided age- and gender-specific reference scan lengths, AP and transverse dimensions and ED for radiological examinations of the thorax. This information is useful to develop age- and gender-specific preset protocols and fabricate phantoms of the thorax for the pediatric and adult Indian population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_19_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T08:04:32Z","timestamp":1634025872000},"page":"295-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimation of Anatomical Dimensions of the Thorax from Computed Tomography Images of the Adult and Pediatric Indian Population for Developing Optimal Radiological Protocols"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Vandana","family":"Nathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan James","family":"Prithishkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan S.","family":"Livingstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240906","first-page":"217","article-title":"Comparison of radiation doses using weight-based protocol and dose modulation techniques for patients undergoing biphasic abdominal computed tomography examinations","volume":"34","author":"Livingstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Phys Assoc Med Phys India"},{"key":"R2-7-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-002-0796-2","article-title":"Dose and image quality in CT","volume":"32","author":"Huda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"R3-7-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.10.006","article-title":"Strategies for reducing radiation dose in CT","volume":"47","author":"McCollough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R8-7-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/93277434","article-title":"National survey of doses from CT in the UK: 2003","volume":"79","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"R11-7-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6203.75471","article-title":"Radiation safety concerns and diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography scanners in Tamil Nadu","volume":"36","author":"Livingstone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.JMP_19_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:08:41Z","timestamp":1787166521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.JMP_19_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_19_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}