{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:18:41Z","timestamp":1787750321245,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a technique in which a single high radiation dose (10\u201320 Gy) is delivered directly to the tumor site during surgery. As this procedure is performed in the operating room, effective protection of the surrounding healthy tissues is of paramount importance. This protection is commonly achieved using shielding disks placed immediately adjacent to the tumor bed, where the material composition of these disks plays a crucial role in determining their shielding effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The present study aimed to identify the optimal material combination and thickness for double-layer protective disks in order to maximize healthy tissue protection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Initially, the LIAC accelerator head, along with its applicator and a water phantom, was modeled using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The accuracy of the simulation was validated by comparing the percentage depth dose (PDD) obtained from Monte Carlo simulations with experimental dosimetry data. Optimization was performed by evaluating the transmission factor (TF), backscatter factor (BSF), and absorbed dose. Several new disk configurations\u2014comprising PMMA + lead, PTFE + bismuth, steel + titanium, steel + copper, aluminum + copper, and aluminum + titanium\u2014each with thicknesses of 6 mm and 8 mm, were simulated and compared with a reference disk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Among all evaluated configurations, the PMMA + lead disk demonstrated the highest attenuation (65.8% at 8 mm thickness), along with the lowest BSF (7.1%) and TF (62.8%), making it the most effective option for protecting healthy tissues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_231_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T20:01:46Z","timestamp":1782244906000},"page":"359-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monte Carlo-based Design and Comparative Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy Disks"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein Hameed","family":"Al Shareefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Baghdad Al-Karkh Health Directorate, Al-Furat General Hospital, Iraqi Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-03958-0","article-title":"Optimizing intraoperative radiotherapy as a tumor bed boost with whole-breast irradiation in breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R2-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.08.038","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent head-and-neck cancer: the UCSF experience","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"R3-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.10.0255","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy","volume":"25","author":"Willett","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R4-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2017.750","article-title":"Intraoperative radiotherapy: Review of techniques and results","volume":"11","author":"Pilar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"R5-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4749968","article-title":"Development and optimization of a beam shaper device for a mobile dedicated IOERT accelerator","volume":"39","author":"Soriani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Physics,"},{"key":"R6-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000379","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202000379","article-title":"Electron Beam Sterilization of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) \u2014 Physicochemical and Biological Aspects","volume":"21","author":"Sharifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromol Biosci"},{"key":"R7-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v2i3.2605","article-title":"Commissioning of a mobile electron accelerator for intraoperative radiotherapy","volume":"2","author":"Mills","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"R8-20260623","first-page":"172","article-title":"Importance of intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: Data at hand","volume":"7","author":"Sztankay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Memo - Magazine of European Med Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20260623","article-title":"MCNPX User\u2019s Manual. Version 2.7.0, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA\u2013CP-11-00438","author":"Pelowitz","year":"2011"},{"key":"R10-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/14\/022","article-title":"Monte Carlo simulation of electron beams generated by a 12 MeV dedicated mobile IORT accelerator","volume":"56","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"R11-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(15)31618-2","article-title":"EP-1500: Impact of patient-applicator air-gap in dedicated mobile accelerator for Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy","volume":"111","author":"Garc\u064aa Marcos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R12-20260623","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-020-00836-z","article-title":"Comparing the performance of some dedicated radioprotection disks in breast intraoperative electron radiotherapy: a Monte Carlo study","volume":"59","author":"Baghani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiation and Environmental Biophysics,"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_231_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:24:32Z","timestamp":1787747072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_231_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_231_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-6203","1998-3913"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-6203","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3913","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}