{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1787841417106,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant number of frames captured by the wireless capsule endoscopy are involved with varying amounts of bubbles. Whereas different studies have considered bubbles as nonuseful agents due to the fact that they reduce the visualization quality of the small intestine mucosa, this research aims to develop a practical way of assessing the rheological capability of the circular bubbles as a suggestion for future clinical diagnostic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the Kvasir-capsule endoscopy dataset, frames with varying levels of bubble engagements were chosen in two categories based on bubble size. Border reflections are present on the edges of round-shaped bubbles in their boundaries, and in the frequency domain, high-frequency bands correspond to these edges in the spatial domain. The first step is about high-pass filtering of border reflections using wavelet transform (WT) and Differential of Gaussian, and the second step is related to applying the Fast Circlet Transform (FCT) and the Hough transform as circle detection tools on extracted borders and evaluating the distribution and abundance of all bubbles with the variety of radii.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Border\u2019s extraction using WT as a preprocessing approach makes it easier for circle detection tool for better concentration on high-frequency circular patterns. Consequently, applying FCT with predefined parameters can specify the variety and range of radius and the abundance for all bubbles in an image. The overall discrimination factor (ODF) of 15.01, and 7.1 showing distinct bubble distributions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The discrimination in ODF from datasets 1\u20132 suggests a relationship between the rheological properties of bubbles and their coverage area plus their abundance, highlighting the WT and FCT performance in determining bubbles\u2019 distributions for diagnostic objectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of an object-oriented attitude in gastrointestinal analysis makes it intelligible for gastroenterologists to approximate the constituent features of intra-intestinal fluids. this can\u2019t be evaluated until the bubbles are considered as non-useful agents. The obtained results from the datasets proved that the difference between the calculated ODF can be used as an indicator for the quality estimation of intraintestinal fluids\u2019 rheological features like viscosity, which helps gastroenterologists evaluate the quality of patient digestion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmss.jmss_50_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T07:08:12Z","timestamp":1719990492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of Circular Patterns in Capsule Endoscopy Bubble Frames"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Electrics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 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