{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:24:05Z","timestamp":1787765045771,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound (US) can visualize the periosteal changes in the early stage compared to radiography. In this review, we studied periosteal manifestations on US and assessed their diagnostic utility for osteomyelitis (OM) and arthritis. We included articles that studied ultrasonographic findings of periosteal changes in OM and arthropathies with aims to systematically review periosteal manifestations of each condition and summarize diagnostic values of each finding. A total of 13 articles were included in the systematic review. Of these, 10 articles are on OM, 3 articles are on psoriatic arthritis (PsA), 1 article is on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 1 article is on gouty arthritis (GA). In OM, subperiosteal fluid\/subperiosteal collection (SF\/SC) was detected in 32%\u201376% within 72 h after presentation. Periosteal reaction (PR) was seen after day 4 and the sensitivity on US ranges from 33% to 100%. In PsA, PR was seen near 16%\u201359% in active PsA joints. Periosteal changes are rarely detected in RA joints. Small hyperechoic spots were seen in 87.5% of GA. SF\/SC may be seen on US as the earliest sign followed by PR for OM. PR is more specific in PsA than RA. Further investigations on periosteal abnormalities on US are warranted to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.jmu_16_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1704265227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periosteal Manifestations of Osteomyelitis and Arthritis on Ultrasound: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Palapun","family":"Waitayangkoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Weilg-Espejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Y.","family":"Kissin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.04.004","article-title":"Utility of point-of-care musculoskeletal ultrasound in the evaluation of emergency department musculoskeletal pathology","volume":"9","author":"Situ-LaCasse","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W259","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3300","article-title":"Periosteal reaction","volume":"193","author":"Rana","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-009-0849-9","article-title":"The periosteum: What is it, where is it, and what mimics it in its absence?","volume":"39","author":"Dwek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.949","article-title":"Toward an expanded understanding of the role of the periosteum in skeletal health","volume":"18","author":"Orwoll","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)01352-5","article-title":"Radiologic and pathologic analysis of solitary bone lesions. 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