{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:05:53Z","timestamp":1787169953554,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, as well as the smaller subsidiary glands, are all the examples of the salivary glands. The likelihood of the salivary glands being impacted by snuff components increases due to this close proximity of the salivary glands to the mouth when snuff is used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary glands of the Sudanese snuff-dippers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-five adult snuff-dippers (research group) and 36 adult nonusers (control group) were enrolled in the study. Sonography of the submandibular and parotid glands was performed; size, blood flow, echogenicity, echotexture, and any other pathological changes were evaluated. The study was conducted in the ultrasound unit at our institution from June 2021 to June 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The result of the study showed that the average size of the left submandibular gland and left and right parotid glands of snuff-dippers was significantly greater than the average size of nonusers. Blood supply and tissue characteristics were normal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concluded that the snuff use could affect the parotid and submandibular glands; ultrasonography is a modality of choice in the examination of the salivary glands of snuff users and other tobacco users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmu.jmu_97_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T12:58:14Z","timestamp":1695733094000},"page":"228-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sonographic Assessment of the Salivary Glands among Sudanese Snuff-dippers"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nura","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiological 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