{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T04:31:25Z","timestamp":1772512285142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":702,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Context: Decompressive craniectomy followed by cranioplasty (CP) uses autologous craniectomy flaps or synthetic materials like titanium. Sterilization and preservation methods for the autologous bone flaps continue to be the surgeon's choice. Aim: This study aimed to assess the short-term as well as long-term clinical outcomes of CP using autoclaved autologous bone grafts. Settings and Design: This retrospective observational study was performed on patients admitted in a tertiary care teaching neurosurgery department. Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients who underwent CP with autoclaved autologous skull flaps preserved under ambient conditions with strict aseptic precautions were included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequencies and percentages of the various characteristics before and after the surgery were tabulated. Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviations. Results: The primary CP had a satisfactory clinical outcome in 62 cases (86.11%). Osteomyelitis was observed in four patients (5.56%) nearly 2 months after the surgery. Radiologically significant bone resorption was noted in a single patient (1.39%) after 1 year. Five patients (6.94%) developed bone fragmentation or fracture, and the mean time taken for this was about 36 months. In all these ten cases, secondary CP was successfully done using a prefabricated, patient-specific titanium mesh. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety of the studied craniectomy flaps used for cranial reconstruction showed a good patient outcome. Further retrospective studies with larger cohorts and prospective case\u2013control studies are essential so as to issue standard guidelines for sterilization and preservation of autologous bone flaps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_270_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1510742152000},"page":"595-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cranioplasty Using Autoclaved Autologous Skull Bone Flaps Preserved at Ambient Temperature"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"08","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Anto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raju Paul","family":"Manjooran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Aravindakshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Lakshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cranioplasty with autogenous bone flaps cryopreserved in povidone iodine: A long-term follow-up study.J Neurosurg?","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":""},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-2","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Outcomes of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy in the pediatric population","author":"Rocque","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-3","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Resorption of autogenous bone graft in cranioplasty: Resorption and reintegration failure","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-4","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Optimal timing of autologous cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in children","author":"Piedra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-5","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Cranioplasty complications and risk factors associated with bone flap resorption","author":"Brommeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-6","first-page":"78","volume-title":"The minimum time for cranioplasty insertion from craniectomy is six months to reduce risk of infection \u2013 A case series of 82 patients","author":"Thavarajah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-7","first-page":"1124","volume-title":"Effect of early surgery, material, and method of flap preservation on cranioplasty infections: A systematic review","author":"Yadla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-8","first-page":"1293","volume-title":"Cranioplasty after decompressive hemicraniectomy: Underestimated surgery-associated complications?","author":"Wachter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-9","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Autologous bone flap cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy is combined with a high complication rate in paediatric traumatic brain injury patients","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-10","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Failure of autologous bone-assisted cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy in children and adolescents","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-11","first-page":"526","volume-title":"Risk factors and rates of bone flap resorption in pediatric patients after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury","author":"Bowers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-12","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Delayed cranioplasty: Outcomes using frozen autologous bone flaps","author":"Hng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-13","first-page":"805","volume-title":"Cranioplasty with autologous cryopreserved bone after decompressive craniectomy: Complications and risk factors for developing surgical site infection","author":"Sundseth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-14","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Clinical and experimental study for cranioplasty with autogenous frozen bone graft","author":"Ozaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Wakayama Med Soc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-15","first-page":"501","volume-title":"Complications of cranioplasty using a bone flap sterilised by autoclaving following decompressive craniectomy","author":"Mracek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-16","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Cranioplasty in children","author":"Josan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Bone flap resorption following cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy: Preliminary report","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-18","first-page":"440","volume-title":"Ethylene oxide gas sterilization: A simple technique for storing explanted skull bone.Technical note","author":"Jho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0976-3147.218472-19","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Bone flap resorption: Risk factors for the development of a long-term complication following cranioplasty after decompressive 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