{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:05Z","timestamp":1787071085166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat (POST) is expected to be higher after lumbar spinal surgery performed under general anesthesia in the prone position. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of preoperative gargles with aspirin and magnesium sulphate for prevention of POST after lumbar laminectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on 60 adult American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I\u2013III patients posted for lumbar laminectomy under general anesthesia. Patients, allocated into two groups of 30 patients each, received a solution of either aspirin 325 mg (Group A) or magnesium sulphate 1 g (Group B) dissolved in 20 ml of 5% dextrose to gargle for 30 s, 15 min before induction of anesthesia. Postoperatively, incidence, severity grade, and numeric rating scale (NRS) of POST were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h. Incidence and severity of postoperative cough were assessed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incidence and severity grade of POST were significantly lower in Group B as compared to Group A at 1 h (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01, 0.002), while these were similar at 2, 4, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. NRS for POST was significantly lower at 1, 2, and 4 h in Group B (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002, 0.035, 0.024), whereas it was comparable at 12 and 24 h. No significant difference was observed in incidence and severity of postoperative cough.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnesium sulphate gargles are more effective than aspirin in preventing POST in the early hours of the postoperative period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_182_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T11:00:08Z","timestamp":1761994808000},"page":"127-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of gargles with aspirin versus magnesium sulphate for prevention of postoperative sore throat in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jaspal","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Kundra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richa","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaveta","family":"Kundra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, ESI Hospital, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveer","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00780.x","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat: Cause, prevention and treatment","volume":"54","author":"Mc","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R2-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318185d093","article-title":"Prophylactic dexamethasone decreases the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal extubation with a double-lumen endobronchial tube","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R3-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181ee85c7","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat: More answers than questions","volume":"111","author":"Scuderi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R4-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2014.06.005","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the method effectiveness to limit inflation pressure cuffs of endotracheal tubes","volume":"66","author":"Coelho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R5-20251226","first-page":"65","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat in children: Comparison between proseal LMA and classic LMA","volume":"22","author":"Mokhtar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R6-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000231637.28427.00","article-title":"An evaluation of the efficacy of aspirin and benzydamine hydrochloride gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study","volume":"103","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R7-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.186602","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat prevention in ambulatory surgery: A comparison between preoperative aspirin and magnesium sulfate gargle-A prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"11","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R8-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.2.302","article-title":"Magnesium: Physiology and pharmacology","volume":"83","author":"Fawcett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R9-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198906000-00015","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium sulfate inhibits catecholamine release associated with tracheal intubation","volume":"68","author":"James","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R10-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.12831","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial of magnesium sulphate versus dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative sore throat after lumbar spinal surgery in the prone position","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"R11-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer437","article-title":"Nebulized magnesium for prevention of postoperative sore throat","volume":"108","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182639d5f","article-title":"Oral magnesium lozenge reduces postoperative sore throat: A randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study","volume":"117","author":"Borazan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R13-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.181427","article-title":"Comparison of usefulness of ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulizations for attenuating postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, and cough","volume":"11","author":"Rajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R15-20251226","first-page":"188","article-title":"Novel preoperative pharmacologic methods of preventing postoperative sore throat due to tracheal intubation","volume":"82","author":"Kalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"R16-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/146642409611600209","article-title":"Aspirin-mouthwash relieves pain of oral lesions","volume":"116","author":"Angirish","year":"1996","journal-title":"J R Soc Health"},{"key":"R17-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-024-02534-5","article-title":"Role of preoperative zinc, magnesium and budesonide gargles in Postoperative Sore Throat (POST)-A randomised control trial","volume":"24","author":"Bhanwra","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R18-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijca.2022.045","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of incidence of post operative sore throat after nebulization with ketamine and magnesium sulfate in patients undergoing general anaesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Anaesth"},{"key":"R19-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S261","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_975_22","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, comparative study of preoperative magnesium sulphate versus zinc sulphate gargle for prevention of postoperative sore throat following endotracheal intubation","volume":"67","author":"Mondal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R20-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13438","article-title":"Postoperative sore throat: A systematic review","volume":"71","author":"El-Boghdadly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R21-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c0ad5b","article-title":"Comparison of standard polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes and straight reinforced tracheal tubes for tracheal intubation through different sizes of the Airtraq laryngoscope in anesthetized and paralyzed patients: A randomized prospective study","volume":"111","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R22-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.181427","article-title":"Comparison of usefulness of ketamine and magnesium sulfate nebulizations for attenuating postoperative sore throat, hoarseness of voice, and cough","volume":"11","author":"Rajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"key":"R23-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22367","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.5(3)2015.22367","article-title":"Magnesium and ketamine gargle and postoperative sore throat","volume":"5","author":"Teymourian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R24-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-019-01396-7","article-title":"Topical application of magnesium to prevent intubation-related sore throat in adult surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Kuriyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"R25-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90833-P","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of Ca2+channel blockers","volume":"217","author":"Miranda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R26-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000132779.27085.52","article-title":"Laryngotracheal topicalization with lidocaine before intubation decreases the incidence of coughing on emergence from general anesthesia","volume":"99","author":"Minogue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R27-20251226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-9974-1-2","article-title":"An overview of the sensory receptors regulating cough","volume":"1","author":"Mazzone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cough"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_182_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:41:14Z","timestamp":1787067674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_182_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_182_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9185","2231-2730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9185","type":"print"},{"value":"2231-2730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}