{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:53:09Z","timestamp":1794005589334,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n Bloodless surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is an essential part, and research continues to find simple and effective regime for it. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine versus oral metoprolol as premedicants regarding surgical field condition and controlled hypotension in patients undergoing FESS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixty-eight patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) I and II aged 18\u201360 years, of both genders, scheduled for FESS under general anesthesia were randomly allocated in two groups. Group C (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 34) received oral clonidine 300 \u03bcg and group M (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 34) received oral metoprolol 50 mg, 2 h before surgery. Controlled hypotension (mean arterial pressure [MAP] 65\u201375 mmHg) was achieved by titrating sevoflurane (1%\u20133%). Primary outcome measured was surgical field visualization by Average Category Scale (ACS 0\u20135), and the secondary outcomes measured were hemodynamic parameters, sevoflurane requirement, recovery, and side effects. Categorical, continuous, and ordinal data were compared using Chi-square test,\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, and Mann\u2013Whitney test, respectively.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n ACS was significantly less in group C compared to group M up to 60 min, (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and MAP were significantly less in group C compared to group M at all time intervals (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) Intraoperative sevoflurane requirement (vol %) was significantly less in group C (1.21 \u00b1 0.42) compared to group M (1.68 \u00b1 0.53) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.000).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Premedication with oral clonidine was found to be superior to oral metoprolol as it provided significantly better surgical field condition during FESS with much efficient controlled hypotension and anesthetic-sparing effect.<\/jats:p>\n \n Standardized Study Reporting Requirements:<\/jats:bold>\n CONSORT: http:\/\/www.consort-statement.org\/.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_234_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T08:00:09Z","timestamp":1723881609000},"page":"659-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative evaluation of oral premedication with clonidine and metoprolol on surgical field conditions and intraoperative hemodynamics during functional endoscopic sinus surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Udita","family":"Naithani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyaz K.","family":"Ahamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Gakkhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 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metoprolol vs placebo:A comparative study","volume":"14","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Essay Res"},{"key":"R10-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s001010070086","article-title":"Controlled hypotension","volume":"49","author":"Habler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"R11-20241202","first-page":"4","article-title":"A Comparison of effect of oral premedication with clonidine and metoprolol on intraoperative hemodynamics and surgical conditions during functional endoscopic sinus surgery","volume":"1","author":"Gohil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Res"},{"key":"R12-20241202","first-page":"2057","article-title":"Clonidine a wonder drug","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R13-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4236\/ojanes.2021.112006","article-title":"Comparison of clonidine and metoprolol effectiveness on 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