{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:29:06Z","timestamp":1787761746972,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) given as injection provides excellent perioperative analgesia during palatoplasty. Our objectives were to assess the effect of transmucosal SPGB on anesthetic requirements, intraoperative hemodynamics, recovery time, and emergence delirium in children undergoing palatoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This prospective, randomized study was conducted in 30 children with cleft palate undergoing palatoplasty, divided into two equal groups. After induction and intubation, patients in Group B received bilateral SPGB using cotton-tipped applicators soaked in 2% lignocaine, which were passed through both the nares, and the distal tip was positioned just superior to middle turbinate and anterior to pterygopalatine fossa and sphenopalatine ganglion. In Group C, saline-soaked cotton applicators were used. All patients received general anesthesia as per a standardized protocol. Intraoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure, the requirement of anesthetics, extubation time, and emergence delirium were compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with Group C, patients in Group B had significantly lower sevoflurane consumption (17.2 \u00b1 2.6 vs. 27.5 \u00b1 5.0mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and fentanyl consumption (2.2 \u00b1 0.5 vs. 3.2 \u00b1 0.6 \u03bc\/kg,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).The extubation time was significantly shorter in Group B (3.9 \u00b1 0.7 vs. 9.5 \u00b1 1.6 minutes,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). PAED (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale) scores at 5and 10 minutes were significantly higher in Group C\n (P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Intraoperative heart rate was significantly higher in Group C. Group C had significantly higher mean arterial pressure at 15, 60, and 75 minutes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Preoperative, SPGB administered by mucosal application of local anesthetic significantly reduced sevoflurane and fentanyl requirements, with stable hemodynamics, quicker recovery, and less emergence delirium in children undergoing palatoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_279_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T22:01:07Z","timestamp":1683842467000},"page":"220-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of bilateral transmucosal sphenopalatine ganglion block on intraoperative anesthetic requirements and recovery profile in children undergoing palatoplasty under general anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Sunil","family":"Rajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjan Kumar","family":"Sasikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Rudrahitlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.03.037","article-title":"Does sphenopalatine ganglion block improve pain control and intraoperative hemodynamics in children undergoing palatoplasty?A randomized controlled 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headaches","volume":"21","author":"Mojica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_810_19","article-title":"Sphenopalatine ganglion block for abortive treatment of a migraine headache","volume":"14","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13390","article-title":"The effect of regional anesthetic sphenopalatine ganglion block on self-reported pain in patients with status migrainosus","volume":"59","author":"Mehta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R10-20240828","first-page":"880","article-title":"Topical sphenopalatine ganglion block compared with epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache management in postpartum patients:A retrospective review","volume":"43","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.009","article-title":"Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients","volume":"34","author":"Kent","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_443_18","article-title":"Sphenopalatine ganglion block for treatment of post-dural puncture headache in obstetric patients:An observational study","volume":"62","author":"Puthenveettil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/2356-9115.195878","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of bilateralsphenopalatine ganglion block in endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia:A randomized prospective controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Opin Anesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R14-20240828","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block in functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anaesthesia","volume":"8","author":"Ismail","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alex J Anesth Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_279_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:06:43Z","timestamp":1787760403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_279_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_279_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9185","2231-2730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9185","type":"print"},{"value":"2231-2730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}