{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:36Z","timestamp":1787071116552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Control of the hemodynamic response during intubation is essential. To assess the effect of age on the median effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) of fentanyl for blunting the hemodynamic response to intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 86) undergoing general anesthesia were randomly stratified according to age (groups 1\u20134); fentanyl was administered to each patient according to the Dixon and Massey method, starting at 2 \u03bcg\/kg. The dose was increased or decreased by 0.5 \u03bcg\/kg for the subsequent patient, depending on the failure or success of blunting of the hemodynamic response, respectively. Success was defined as a change in heart rate and blood pressure by &lt;20% below the baseline at 1, 3, and 5 min after intubation. ED50 and ED95 were analyzed using R statistical software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ED50s of fentanyl in groups 1 (20\u201335 years), 2 (36\u201350 years), 3 (51\u201365 years), and 4 (66\u201380 years) were 2 \u03bcg\/kg (90% confidence interval, 1.50\u20132.50), 2.25 \u03bcg\/kg (2.00\u20132.50), 1.89 \u03bcg\/kg (1.54\u20132.21), and 1.27 \u03bcg\/kg (0.72\u20131.82), respectively. ED95s in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 2.45 \u03bcg\/kg (2.32\u20132.96), 2.79 \u03bcg\/kg (2.58\u20134.38), 2.44 \u03bcg\/kg (2.33\u20133.06), and 2.70 \u03bcg\/kg (2.30\u20135.18), respectively. There was a statistically significant incidence of cough in group 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged 65\u201380 years required the lowest ED50 of fentanyl dose, whereas patients aged 36\u201350 years required the highest ED50 and ED95 dose to blunt the hemodynamic response during intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_280_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T02:00:07Z","timestamp":1712800807000},"page":"699-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of age on the median effective dose and 95% effective dose of intravenous fentanyl for blunting the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: A double-blind, up-and-down sequential method 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