{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:27:54Z","timestamp":1787776074371,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No studies have compared the effects of ketamine and dexmedetomidine on bowel recovery. We evaluated the effects of intraoperative low-dose ketamine or dexmedetomidine infusion on postoperative bowel recovery in patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This placebo-controlled, randomized study was carried out in 84 American Society of Anesthesiologists II patients, aged 18\u201370 years, of either gender, undergoing elective open GI malignancy surgeries. Patients received intraoperative infusion of ketamine @ 0.1 mg kg\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      h\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      (KET), dexmedetomidine @ 0.25 \u03bcg kg\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      h\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      (DEX), or normal saline (placebo). Primary outcome was the time to first flatus and\/or stool. Secondary outcomes included time to extubation, total analgesic requirement, postoperative pain scores, time to feeds, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and the incidence of adverse events. Continuous data were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. Categorical data were analyzed by the Chi-square test or the Fisher\u2019s exact test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median time to passage of flatus and\/or stool was 3 [interquartile range (IQR) 2\u20133] days in the KET group, 2 [IQR 2\u20133] days in the DEX group, and 2 [IQR 2\u20133] days in the placebo group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.53 for placebo vs. KET, 0.81 for placebo vs. DEX, and 0.99 for KET vs. DEX). Pain scores and analgesic consumption were significantly less in the intervention groups versus placebo (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). No difference was seen in other secondary outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-dose ketamine or dexmedetomidine did not result in early bowel recovery despite lower pain scores and opioid consumption in patients undergoing open GI malignancy surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_322_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T09:03:54Z","timestamp":1715159034000},"page":"145-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of intraoperative low-dose ketamine versus dexmedetomidine infusion on postoperative bowel recovery in patients undergoing gastrointestinal malignancy surgeries: Placebo-controlled, randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sabari K.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyajeet","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikram K.","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillip K.","family":"Muduly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.138.2.206","article-title":"Mechanisms and treatment of postoperative ileus","volume":"138","author":"Luckey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250122","first-page":"231","article-title":"Delayed gastrointestinal recovery after 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