{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:38:38Z","timestamp":1787071118105,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergence delirium (ED) during the postanesthesia recovery phase presents significant challenges, especially among pediatric patients, with incidence rates spanning from 2% to 80%. This study sought to assess and compare the effectiveness of propofol and dexmedetomidine in addressing ED in pediatric patients undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia. The primary aim was to ascertain the prevalence of ED in both treatment cohorts, while secondary outcomes encompassed postoperative pain, hemodynamic responses, and the occurrence of complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty children aged 2\u20136 years scheduled for short infraumbilical surgeries under general anesthesia were recruited in this trial. Propofol (1 mg\/kg) or dexmedetomidine (0.3 \u03bcg\/kg) was administered 10 min before completion of surgery. The Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium scale was employed to evaluate ED every 5 min following extubation, wherein a score exceeding 12 was indicative of ED. Postoperative sedation was assessed using the Ramsay Sedation Scale, while pain levels were determined through the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) score. Any potential complications were closely monitored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of ED at extubation was 2.50% and 70% in group D and P, respectively, and the trend of lower ED incidence was consistently observed at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min postextubation. The relative risk ratio at extubation was 4.103 (95% confidence interval: 2.49\u20136.76), highlighting a significant reduction of 4.1 times in the risk of ED when dexmedetomidine was administered. The dexmedetomidine group exhibited a lower incidence of postoperative pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In comparison to propofol, dexmedetomidine demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing ED and postoperative pain in pediatric patients during general anesthesia, when administered before completion of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_373_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T09:02:43Z","timestamp":1710493363000},"page":"693-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of bolus dose administration of propofol and dexmedetomidine for incidence of emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia: A randomized, double-blind trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Vidya","family":"Tharu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Anaesthesia, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Bihani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Janweja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Jaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Kothari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20097","article-title":"Emergence agitation:Current knowledge and unresolved questions","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R2-20241202","first-page":"841","article-title":"Comparison of incidence of emergence delirium in pediatric patients with three different techniques of general anesthesia using sevoflurane and propofol:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Modi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R3-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031010","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1031010","article-title":"Efficacy of propofol for the prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children:A meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"R4-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12669","article-title":"Does a prophylactic dose of propofol reduce emergence agitation in children receiving anesthesia?A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"van Hoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R5-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00329","article-title":"The effect of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation or delirium in children after anesthesia-A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"14","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R6-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v11.i2.196","article-title":"Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale:A diagnostic 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Pain"},{"key":"R13-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13230","article-title":"A comparison of single dose dexmedetomidine with propofol for the prevention of emergence delirium after desflurane anaesthesia in children","volume":"71","author":"Makkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"R14-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008343","article-title":"A comparison of dexmedetomidine and propofol on emergence delirium in children undergoing cleft palate surgery with sevoflurane-based anesthesia","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"R15-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12867","article-title":"A comparison of single-dose dexmedetomidine or propofol on the incidence of emergence delirium in children undergoing general anaesthesia for magnetic resonance 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