{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:20Z","timestamp":1787169560703,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>to quantify the scalp-cortex distance and determine its variation among patients. We hypothesized that in a significant number of patients, this distance is greater than the maximum penetration depth of current cerebral oximeters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective anatomic study using transverse head CT images selected randomly from 102 patients over the age of 18 years without brain swelling, intracranial mass effect, or brain hemorrhage. Scalp-cortex distances were determined at two separate locations along the craniocaudal axis; most cephalad to the frontal sinus (I\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and also 2 cm cephalad to that location (I\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Multiple measurements were obtained bilaterally at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 cm from midline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average scalp-cortex distance was 14.3 mm and 15 mm at I\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and I\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      respectively. Distances varied more in I\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      than in I\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; from the measurements, 12.8%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 6.8% were over 20 mm, 4.4%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 2.2% over 25 mm, 1.1%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 0.6% over 35 mm and 0.6%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . none over 40 mm at I\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and I\n                      <jats:sub>0,<\/jats:sub>\n                      respectively. 1.5% of the measurements at I\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were over 30 mm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebral oximetry manufacturers all claim to measure cerebral tissue up to a depth of 20-25 mm; 20 mm with the EQUANOX and INVOS compared with 25 mm with the FORE-SIGHT. Scalp-cortex distance is within 25 mm in more than 95% of patients. However, even with the probe placed as per the manufacturer\u2019s recommendations, in a small but significant subset of patients, this distance is greater than the maximum penetration depth of current cerebral oximeters and hence may not reflect actual brain tissue oxygen saturation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_395_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1642572231000},"page":"537-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does cerebral oximetry always measure brain tissue oxygen saturation? 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