{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1787775829651,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paediatric burn injuries are distressing and traumatic experiences for children and their families. Managing these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, with anesthesiologists playing a crucial role in providing pain relief and reducing anxiety during surgical interventions. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate pain and anxiety levels in children admitted with burns requiring surgical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty pediatric patients aged 7 to 14 years were enrolled in the study. Perioperative parameters, including a etiology, severity, and total burn surface area involved, were evaluated. Preoperative pain scores were evaluated using the following pain assessment scales: the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) and revised faces, legs, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) scale. Preoperative anxiety was measured using the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS-25). Both the parent and child versions of the RCADS-25 were conducted separately in an understandable language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant association between pain levels and specific types of burn injuries, with high-voltage burns and deep partial-thickness burns being more distressing. Anxiety levels were higher in children undergoing debridement, superficial skin grafting, and amputation compared to other surgical procedures, emphasizing the importance of addressing the psychological well-being of burn patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly higher pain scores were observed in pediatric patients with high-voltage electric burns compared to those with thermal burns. Patients undergoing debridement surgeries reported high pain scores in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. Anxiety scores were significantly higher in patients undergoing amputation, debridement, and skin grafting surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_413_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T01:00:22Z","timestamp":1746838822000},"page":"633-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain and anxiety in pediatric burn patients undergoing surgical interventions: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Indu M.","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitika","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adarsh","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Parasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.100889","article-title":"Pediatric burn injuries","volume":"2","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251001","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Anaesthetic management for burns in children","volume":"2","author":"Lonie","year":"2017","journal-title":"JSM Burns Trauma"},{"key":"R3-20251001","first-page":"2","article-title":"Post operative maladaptive behavioral changes in children","volume":"21","author":"Yuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"R4-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318203f495","article-title":"Do 0-10 numeric rating scores translate into clinically meaningful pain measures for children?","volume":"112","author":"Voepel-Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R5-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01773.x","article-title":"The revised FLACC observational pain tool: Improved reliability and validity for pain assessment in children with cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Malviya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"R6-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115627012","article-title":"The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25. Scale development and validation in a school based and clinical sample","volume":"24","author":"Ebesutani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"R7-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.022","article-title":"The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A systematic review and reliability generalization meta analysis","volume":"218","author":"Piqueras","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R8-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027283","article-title":"The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Short Version: Scale reduction via exploratory bifactor modeling of the broad anxiety factor","volume":"24","author":"Ebesutani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"R9-20251001","first-page":"111","article-title":"A new instrument (scale) for measuring the socioeconomic status of a family; preliminary study","volume":"30","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"R10-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.16.1.61","article-title":"Development and testing of a scale to measure separation anxiety of parents of adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Dashiff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas"},{"key":"R11-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199811000-00015","article-title":"Parental presence during induction of anaesthesia versus sedative premedication: Which intervention is more effective?","volume":"89","author":"Kain","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R12-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12428","article-title":"Development and Validation of a risk score to predict the probability of post operative vomiting in pediatric patients: The VPOP score","volume":"24","author":"Bourdaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"R13-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.09.018","article-title":"A prospective observational study investigating all children presenting to a specialty pediatric burns centre","volume":"41","author":"Stockton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"R14-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-016-0067-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric burns and future prevention strategies-a study of 475 patients from a high-volume burn center in North India","volume":"5","author":"Dhopte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns Trauma."},{"key":"R15-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9300","article-title":"Severe burn injury in Europe: A systematic review of the incidence, etiology, morbidity, and mortality","volume":"14","author":"Brusselaers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"R16-20251001","first-page":"13","article-title":"A comparative study of three modalities of pain relief during wound dressing of burn patients","volume":"16","author":"Kamel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters."},{"key":"R17-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/22201181.2014.979630","article-title":"Paediatric burns anaesthesia: The things that make a difference","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Afr J Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"R18-20251001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199302000-00006","article-title":"Research on the effect of experimental interventions on children\u2019s behavior after hospitalization: A review and synthesis","volume":"14","author":"Vernon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_413_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:43:19Z","timestamp":1787773399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_413_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.joacp_413_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9185","2231-2730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9185","type":"print"},{"value":"2231-2730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}