{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T02:45:33Z","timestamp":1788576333071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperational anxiety affects the outcome of anesthesia and surgery. Benzodiazepines impair psychomotor performance and cause excessive sedation. L-theanine is a unique amino acid found in green tea. It prevents stress, produces anxiolysis, modulates alpha activity, and provides beneficial effects on mental state, including sleep quality. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and a phytochemical that is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. It is beneficial in anxiety and stress regulation. Hence, alternative premedicants such as L-theanine and GABA will have a widespread appeal and are safer. The primary objective was to study and compare the effects of L-theanine and GABA on preoperative anxiety, sedation, and cognition in patients posted for major elective surgeries. The secondary objective was to study adverse reactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 168 patients aged between 18 and 55 years, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I and II, and satisfying all inclusion criteria were randomly divided into three groups that received either oral L-theanine, oral GABA, or oral alprazolam 0.25 mg. The anxiety score, sedation score, and psychomotor and cognitive performance scores were noted 60 minutes before and after the administration of the drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alprazolam produced more sedation than GABA and L-theanine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). Psychomotor and cognitive functions improved with L-theanine and GABA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001) and decreased with alprazolam (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GABA and L-theanine result in effective preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation and improvement of cognitive skills.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.joacp_417_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T09:07:45Z","timestamp":1715159265000},"page":"112-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of the effects of two amino acids, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-theanine, on sedation, anxiety, and cognition in preoperative surgical patients \u2013 A randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Shrinidhi S.","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Kurdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Baiju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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