{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:32:55Z","timestamp":1787776375446,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cytol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) plays an important diagnostic role in concealed pulmonary diseases. However, diagnosing sarcoidosis and differentiating it from tuberculosis is a diagnostic quandary. We, thus, aimed to evaluate EBUS-TBNA cytology in these cases in a tubercular-endemic zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective 5-year study was done in a tertiary care center on 118 patients with tuberculosis versus sarcoidosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS-TBNA. All samples obtained were sent for cytomorphological and microbiological evaluation. On cytology analysis, demonstration of acid-fast bacilli was considered diagnostic of tuberculosis. However, in its absence, a multidisciplinary diagnostic (MDD) approach was followed to establish a diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EBUS-TBNA cytology contributed in reaching the final diagnosis in 88.1% cases. Of the 55 cases of tuberculosis, cytomorphological features were contributory in 90.9% cases. Out of 29 cases of sarcoidosis, 24 showed granulomas. Microbiological tests were contributory in the final diagnosis of tuberculosis in only 21.8% cases as compared to 90.9% by cytology analysis. In 10 cases, a definitive diagnosis could not be made on cytology analysis and were finally diagnosed on the basis of MDD. A definitive distinction between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis could not be made despite MDD in four cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While a diagnosis of tuberculosis can be made independently on cytological features, MDD with contributory cytological findings is essential for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. EBUS-TBNA cytology, thus, plays an important role in the multidisciplinary strategy of approaching thoracic lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joc.joc_123_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T14:00:10Z","timestamp":1748527210000},"page":"67-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Cytology: Navigating the Diagnostic Challenge between Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis in Endemic Regions"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajwala","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desh","family":"Deepak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5249","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005249","article-title":"Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in solitary mediastinal, hilar lymphadenectasis, or peribronchial lesions: Six cases reports and review of literature","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1362","article-title":"Invasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition)","volume":"132","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13094","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: Safe as it sounds","volume":"22","author":"Vaidya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"CIT0004-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.4103\/ejb.ejb_57_19","article-title":"The role of convex probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lesions","volume":"13","author":"Helalah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt J Bronchol"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000080","article-title":"Initial experience with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) from a tuberculosis endemic population","volume":"21","author":"Madan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"CIT0006-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2020.10.003","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of molecular and conventional diagnostic modalities for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid","volume":"39","author":"Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"CIT0007-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_150_18","article-title":"Role of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis","volume":"36","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283560809","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis: The same disease with different manifestations or similar manifestations of different disorders","volume":"18","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1869-5760-3-53","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in tuberculosis-endemic regions: India","volume":"3","author":"Babu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4103\/ijri.IJRI_200_17","article-title":"Dilemma of diagnosing thoracic sarcoidosis in tuberculosis endemic regions: An imaging-based approach. Part 1","volume":"27","author":"Bhalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12975","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of rapid on-site evaluation of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration samples: A study in a region of high tuberculosis burden","volume":"32","author":"Bharati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9041081","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: Causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatments","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200063","article-title":"Utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in patients with tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy: a multicentre study","volume":"66","author":"Navani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250531","first-page":"130","article-title":"Tuberculin skin test among pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with and without tuberculosis: its utility for the screening of the two conditions in tuberculosis-endemic regions","volume":"23","author":"Smith-Rohrberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2007.22.1.1","article-title":"The usefulness of angiotensin converting enzyme in the differential diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease and intestinal tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Kwon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"CIT0019-20250531","first-page":"208","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of lung cancer: a concise review","volume":"1","author":"Aziz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0020-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00013806","article-title":"Transbronchial and transoesophageal (ultrasound-guided) needle aspirations for the analysis of mediastinal lesions","volume":"28","author":"Herth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cytology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joc.joc_123_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:09:37Z","timestamp":1787774977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joc.joc_123_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joc.joc_123_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9371","0974-5165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9371","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-25","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}