{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:34:31Z","timestamp":1787776471078,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cytol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chromosomal instability (CI) is essential for carcinogenesis. Micronuclei (MN), nuclear budding (NB), chromatin bridge (CB), and multipolar mitosis (MPM) are the morphological markers of CI. These markers can be studied in the effusion fluids like pleural and ascitic fluid. This study aimed to analyze their significance in differentiating between benign and malignant pleural and ascitic effusion fluids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 pleural and ascitic effusion fluids, out of which 71 were benign and 29 were malignant. A total of 20 malignant cases were confirmed by cell block preparation and immunohistochemistry. Leishman-stained slides were screened under oil immersion (1000\u00d7) for MN, CB, NB, and MPM. The number of cells with each of these markers were counted per 1000 cells. The data were analyzed by calculating the mean, standard deviation (SD), and Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value was also computed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean (SD) of MN, CB, NB, and MPM in malignant effusion cytology were 9.01 (4.65), 0.8846 (1.07), 0.96 (1.24), and 0.92 (0097) per 1000 cells counted, whereas, the mean for benign were1.0 (0.90), 0.39 (0.54), 0.51 (0.65), and 0.50(0.73) per 1000 cells, respectively. The difference between benign and malignant effusion cytology and MN score came out to be statistically significant with a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;0.0001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The markers of CI help to differentiate between malignant and benign effusion cytology in low-resource settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joc.joc_15_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T16:25:21Z","timestamp":1743351921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability: A Useful Aid in Effusion Cytology"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Archana","family":"Buch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangesh","family":"Londhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshi","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charusheela","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.08.52","article-title":"A comparative study of conventional cytology and cell block method in the diagnosis of pleural effusion","volume":"9","author":"Assawasaksakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4103\/JCRP.JCRP_26_20","article-title":"Role of micronucleus assay as an indicator of chromosomal instability in aspirates of breast carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Mangam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Practice"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.jcrt_9_23","article-title":"Utility of morphological markers of chromosomal instability in breast cytology-A study of 100 cases","volume":"20","author":"Londhe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Ther"},{"key":"CIT0004-20250901","first-page":"136","article-title":"Micronuclei and Ag NOR as biomarker in fine needle aspiration cytology of breast tumor","volume":"4","author":"Basher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Res Commun"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/JCRP.JCRP_3_22","article-title":"Significance of morphological markers of chromosomal instability in differentiating malignant and benign effusions: A pilot study in rural central India","volume":"9","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Practice"},{"key":"CIT0006-20250901","first-page":"5","article-title":"Micronucleus and its significance in spectrum of cervical lesions","volume":"2","author":"Kalpana Kumari","year":"2017","journal-title":"IP. Arch Cytol Histopathol"},{"key":"CIT0007-20250901","first-page":"2223","article-title":"Application of the International system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology with cytohistological correlation and risk of malignancy assessment","volume":"11","author":"Pergaris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250901","first-page":"309","article-title":"International system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology","volume":"128","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"CIT0009-20250901","first-page":"EK01","article-title":"A cross-sectional analysis of conventional Leishman\u2019s sain versus modified Leishman\u2019s stain: A study protocol","volume":"18","author":"Panbude","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_42_19","article-title":"Micronucleus and its significance in effusion fluids","volume":"37","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2012.61","article-title":"Cancer chromosomal instability: Therapeutic and diagnostic challenges: \u2018Exploring aneuploidy: the significance of chromosomal imbalance\u2019 review series","volume":"13","author":"McGranahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_160_16","article-title":"Micronucleus study on breast cytology aspirate smears and its diagnostic utility","volume":"35","author":"Sylvia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.76941","article-title":"Micronuclei: An essential biomarker in oral exfoliated cells for grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Jadhav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Acad Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21297","article-title":"Micronucleus in atypical urothelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Arora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2015.10.005","article-title":"Mitotic index and multipolar mitosis in routine histologic sections as prognostic markers of pancreatic cancers: A clinicopathological study","volume":"16","author":"Matsuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S409","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.163472","article-title":"Role of micronucleus in oral exfoliative cytology","volume":"7","author":"Shashikala","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-3919.183621","article-title":"Micronucleus frequencies in groups receiving external or internal radiation","volume":"31","author":"\u00d6zdal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Nucl Med"},{"key":"CIT0018-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.103941","article-title":"Significance of micronucleus in cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Gayathri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0019-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.25249","article-title":"Morphological markers of chromosomal instability as predictors of malignancy in pleural effusion","volume":"52","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"CIT0020-20250901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23249","article-title":"Analysis of morphological markers of chromosomal instability in ascitic fluid","volume":"43","author":"Tyagi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cytology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joc.joc_15_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:10:56Z","timestamp":1787775056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joc.joc_15_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":20,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joc.joc_15_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9371","0974-5165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9371","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-5165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}