{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:17:20Z","timestamp":1783707440647,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cytol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer. In India, cervical cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among women following breast cancer. Early detection of precursor lesions of cervical cancer on cervical cytology by a screening program remarkably reduces the death rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to see the efficacy of aqueous toluidine blue stain in cervicovaginal smears in comparison with conventional Papanicolaou stain, compare staining properties on nucleus as well as cytoplasm, reporting time, cost-effectiveness, and clinicopathological profile of the patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution-based, prospective cross-sectional study of 100 sexually active females aged 21\u201360 years. Two to three cervical smears were collected from each patient over a period of 18 months. Two percent aqueous toluidine blue stain and conventional Papanicolaou stain were performed on the smears. Cytomorphology of the smears was studied and compared in reference to staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm, timing, and efficacy of stain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efficacy and nuclear staining properties by 2% aqueous toluidine blue stain are as good as in conventional Papanicolaou stain in cervicovaginal smears. Reporting time and cost are less in aqueous toluidine blue stain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both stains show identical results; however, reduced staining time and cost-effectiveness are critical in a lower-middle-income country like India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joc.joc_83_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:00:56Z","timestamp":1783609256000},"page":"138-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Aqueous Toluidine Blue Stain and Conventional Papanicolaou Stain in Cervicovaginal Smear"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Moutusi","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Family Welfare, Swasthya Bhawan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanchita","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayandip","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Maharaja Jitendra Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranu R.","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"De(Pati)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20260710","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"CIT0004-20260710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_23_16","article-title":"Modified ultrafast Papanicolaou staining technique: A comparative study","volume":"34","author":"Thakur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"CIT0005-20260710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2013-0292","article-title":"Advancing cervical cancer prevention in India: Implementation science 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stain","volume":"31","author":"Saba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0014-20260710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21521","article-title":"The Pap test and Bethesda 2014","volume":"123","author":"Nayar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"CIT0015-20260710","first-page":"47","article-title":"Efficacy of toluidine blue staining in cervicovaginal cytology over conventional Papanicolaou stain","volume":"3","author":"Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"IP Arch Cytol Histopathol Res"},{"key":"CIT0016-20260710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20174627","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of test characteristics of acetic acid, Lugol\u2019s iodine and toluidine blue stains in cervical cancer screening","volume":"6","author":"Kumari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"CIT0017-20260710","first-page":"18","article-title":"Efficacy of three available staining modalities in diagnosing abnormal lesions of cervix","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Obstet Gynecol Pract"},{"key":"CIT0018-20260710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-330X.181646","article-title":"Limitations of cytological cervical cancer screening (Papanicolaou test) regarding technical and cultural aspect in rural India","volume":"5","author":"Nikumbh","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of 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