{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:29:57Z","timestamp":1787070597925,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess consanguinity as a probable risk factor for congenital ptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case\u2013control study, 97 patients with congenital ptosis and 97 participants as the control group were included. The age, sex, and residence area of the control group were matched with the cases. The inbreeding coefficient (F) was calculated for each participant, and the mean of the inbreeding coefficient (\u03b1) was calculated for each group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of consanguineous marriage in parents of cases with congenital ptosis and those of the control group was 54.6% and 30.9%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.002). The mean of the inbreeding coefficient (\u03b1) in patients with ptosis was 0.026, whereas it was 0.016 in the control group (T = 2.51, degree of freedom = 192,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0129).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rate of consanguineous marriage was significantly higher among the parents of patients with congenital ptosis. It implies a probable recessive pattern in the etiology of congenital ptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_136_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T18:38:30Z","timestamp":1717267110000},"page":"465-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Consanguinity and Increased Risk of Congenital Ptosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Khalili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naser","family":"Owji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elahe","family":"Zarei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-003-0127-5","article-title":"Ptosis: Causes, presentation, and management","volume":"27","author":"Finsterer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"R2-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.06.053","article-title":"Congenital eyelid ptosis: Onset and prevalence of amblyopia, associations with systemic disorders, and treatment outcomes","volume":"165","author":"Stein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R3-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.311","article-title":"Paediatric blepharoptosis: A 10-year review","volume":"23","author":"Berry-Brincat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R4-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.24.10.584","article-title":"Prevalence and mode of inheritance of major genetic eye diseases in China","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"R5-13-20240910","first-page":"1150","article-title":"A gene for isolated congenital ptosis maps to a 3-cM region within 1p32-p34.1","volume":"60","author":"Engle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R6-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1086\/302860","article-title":"A novel X-linked dominant condition: X-linked congenital isolated ptosis","volume":"66","author":"McMullan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R7-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2001.600201.x","article-title":"Consanguinity and its relevance to clinical genetics","volume":"60","author":"Bittles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"R8-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s12687-015-0213-9","article-title":"A study of consanguineous marriage as a risk factor for developing comitant strabismus","volume":"6","author":"Bagheri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Community Genet"},{"key":"R9-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31828da95c","article-title":"Is consanguinity a risk factor for keratoconus?","volume":"90","author":"Gordon-Shaag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R10-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460310001652211","article-title":"Consanguineous marriage in Iran","volume":"31","author":"Saadat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"R11-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S111118","article-title":"Clinical presentation and management of congenital ptosis","volume":"11","author":"Marenco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2014.01.005","article-title":"Congenital ptosis","volume":"59","author":"SooHoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199012000-00007","article-title":"Congenital ptosis in monozygotic twins","volume":"6","author":"Vestal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R14-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0679-5","article-title":"A candidate gene for congenital bilateral isolated ptosis identified by molecular analysis of a de novo balanced translocation","volume":"110","author":"McMullan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R15-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00409.x","article-title":"Consanguinity in primary immunodeficiency disorders; The report from Iranian primary immunodeficiency registry","volume":"56","author":"Rezaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"R16-13-20240910","first-page":"182","article-title":"Consanguinity and ocular genetic diseases in South India: Analysis of a five-year study","volume":"5","author":"Kumaramanickavel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Community Genet"},{"key":"R17-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580500473795","article-title":"Consanguinity and eye diseases with a potential genetic etiology. Data from a prevalence study in Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"13","author":"Nirmalan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R18-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.3.336","article-title":"The familial contribution to non-syndromic ocular coloboma in south India","volume":"87","author":"Hornby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1988.115","article-title":"Amblyopia and strabismus in congenital ptosis","volume":"2","author":"Harrad","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eye (Lond"},{"key":"R20-13-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-008-9191-y","article-title":"Is there a significant trend in prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Tehran. A review of three generations?","volume":"18","author":"Akrami","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"}],"container-title":["Journal of Current Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_136_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:31:44Z","timestamp":1787067104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_136_22"}},"subtitle":["A Case\u2013Control Study from Southern Iran"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_136_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-2325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-2325","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}