{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:32:45Z","timestamp":1787841165742,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n To study the characteristics of ophthalmic comorbidities in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We assessed the clinical and epidemiological attributes and characteristics of ophthalmic comorbidities of patients who had chronic plaque psoriasis for 15\u201325 years (mean \u00b1 standard deviation [SD], 3.9 \u00b1 4.8 years). Out of 100 patients, 57 were males and 43 were females. In this cohort, the age range was from 19 to 77 years (mean \u00b1 SD, 41.8 \u00b1 13.9 years). The severity of psoriasis was defined by the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score as mild (PASI \u22646), moderate (PASI >6\u201312), or severe (PASI >12).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Psoriasis was mild in 77, moderate in 13, and severe in 10 patients, respectively. Three patients had asymmetric oligoarthritis. In a cohort of 100 patients, there were 23 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and 77 patients with mild psoriasis. In the moderate-to-severe psoriasis group, 18 out of the 23 patients also had ophthalmic abnormalities. In the mild psoriasis group, 53 of 77 patients also had ophthalmic abnormalities. Itching (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 12; psoriasis was mild in 7, moderate-to-severe in 5 patients), decreased vision (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 12; psoriasis was mild in 10, moderate-to-severe in 2 patients), redness (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9; psoriasis was mild in 5, moderate-to-severe in 5 patients;), watering\/discharge (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8; psoriasis was mild in 6, moderate-to-severe in 2 patients), and pain or burning (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 6; psoriasis was mild in 4, moderate-to-severe in 2 patients) were commonly complained by 31 patients. The major ophthalmic comorbidities in order of frequency observed were keratoconjunctivitis sicca\/dry eye (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 41), blepharitis (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 29), meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 18), conjunctivitis (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 10), corneal abnormalities (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 13), cataract (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 14), retention cyst (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 2), and anterior uveitis in 2 patients (without psoriatic arthritis). Common corneal abnormalities were punctuate keratitis (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 7), corneal opacities (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 4), band-shaped keratopathy (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 1), and superficial vascularization (\n n =<\/jats:italic>\n 1). Posterior segment manifestations of arteriosclerotic changes (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 4), media haze (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2), and macular degeneration (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1) were likely to be age-related.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The ophthalmic comorbidities, such as blepharitis, MGD, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal abnormalities, and presenile cataract, can occur in patients with psoriasis. These are largely asymptomatic and subtle findings that are often missed. They require an early consult to ophthalmology for appropriate management. The major limitations in this study are that it is a single-center, cross-sectional study design that has a low number of patients, lacks a healthy patient control group, and there is a lack of long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_147_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T22:02:21Z","timestamp":1758232941000},"page":"419-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ophthalmic Comorbidities in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 100 Patients"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kritika","family":"Katoch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rattan Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram K.","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. Radhakrishnan Government Medical College, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Tuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.72443","article-title":"Psoriasis in India: Prevalence and pattern","volume":"76","author":"Dogra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R2-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5314\/wjd.v5.i1.17","article-title":"Psoriasis treatment: Unconventional and non-standard modalities in the era of biologics","volume":"5","author":"Mahajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-20250918","first-page":"123","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in psoriasis","volume":"2","author":"Maitray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ocul Oncol Oculoplasty"},{"key":"R4-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/247553031117a00301","article-title":"Psoriatic eye manifestations","volume":"17","author":"Au","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psoriasis Forum"},{"key":"R5-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12686","article-title":"Ulcerative keratitis in psoriasis: A rare variant of psoriatic ocular inflammatory disease","volume":"170","author":"Herbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.05.008","article-title":"Evaluation of ocular psoriasis with meibography","volume":"97","author":"Kemeriz","year":"2022","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Global epidemiology of psoriasis: A systematic review of incidence and prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Parisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.05.001","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Villani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-20250918","first-page":"7","article-title":"Evaluation of dry eye in patients with psoriasis","volume":"3","author":"Bhargava","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ocular Biol"},{"key":"R11-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00648-x","article-title":"Identifying and treating ocular manifestations in psoriasis","volume":"23","author":"Motlagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962012000600009","article-title":"Psoriasis and uveitis: A literature review","volume":"87","author":"Fraga","year":"2012","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.7241\/ourd.20151.01","article-title":"Psoriasis: An eye opener \u2013 A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital of South India","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"key":"R14-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_413_17","article-title":"Methoxsalen-induced macular toxicity","volume":"65","author":"Maitray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000240084.27663.fd","article-title":"Corneal toxicity from topical ocular and systemic medications","volume":"25","author":"Fraunfelder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"R16-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225130-00003","article-title":"Comparative tolerability of systemic treatments for plaque-type psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"McClure","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"R17-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310019382","article-title":"A quantitative definition of severe psoriasis for use in clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Feldman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R18-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.032318","article-title":"Classification and diagnostic criteria for psoriatic arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Helliwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R19-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01833-x","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations in patients with collagen vascular disorders: A hospital-based retrospective observational study","volume":"41","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-0124(12)70139-8","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction: A clinical scheme for description, diagnosis, classification, and grading","volume":"1","author":"Foulks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"key":"R21-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.58468","article-title":"Current approach in diagnosis and management of anterior uveitis","volume":"58","author":"Agrawal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R23-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01896-y","article-title":"Malondialdehyde, lipoprotein-a, lipoprotein ratios, comprehensive lipid tetrad index and atherogenic index as surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease in patients with psoriasis: A case- control study","volume":"311","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"R24-20250918","first-page":"29","article-title":"Psoriasis and co-morbidities: Is hyperhomocystenemia the common link?","volume":"67","author":"Manvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assoc Physic India"},{"key":"R25-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)70188-0","article-title":"Psoriasis of early and late onset: Characterization of two types of psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"13","author":"Henseler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-20250918","first-page":"172","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of psoriasis","volume":"5","author":"Shainhouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"EC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R27-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00390.x","article-title":"Psoriasis and the eye: Prevalence of eye disease in Singaporean Asian patients with psoriasis","volume":"34","author":"Chandran","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R28-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1414271","article-title":"A study on ocular morbidity among patients with psoriasis visiting a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, Southern India","volume":"27","author":"Abbagani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"R29-20250918","first-page":"101","article-title":"Ocular manifestations in psoriasis","volume":"4","author":"Kolli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl J Med Dent Res"},{"key":"R30-20250918","first-page":"397","article-title":"Evaluation of the prevalence of ocular symptoms in psoriatic patients","volume":"105","author":"Zjadewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"R31-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05424.x","article-title":"Ocular findings in patients with psoriasis","volume":"52","author":"Kilic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R32-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.35.4.354","article-title":"Eye inflammation in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Lambert","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R33-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20180044","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of psoriasis","volume":"81","author":"Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R34-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12929","article-title":"Ten-year incidence and prevalence of clinically diagnosed blepharitis in South Korea: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Rim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R35-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_1239_15","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular findings in a sample of Egyptian patients with psoriasis","volume":"84","author":"Omar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R36-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_698_17","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in North India: Ocular surface disease index-based cross-sectional hospital study","volume":"66","author":"Titiyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R37-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.08.053","article-title":"Psoriatic uveitis: A distinct clinical entity?","volume":"139","author":"Durrani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R38-20250918","first-page":"71","article-title":"The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease","volume":"112","author":"Messmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"R39-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12183","article-title":"Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in an adult population","volume":"42","author":"Hashemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R40-20250918","first-page":"299","article-title":"Ocular anterior segment pathologies and tear film changes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"57","author":"Erbagci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"key":"R41-20250918","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Ocular findings in psoriasis patients","volume":"4","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res"},{"key":"R42-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2016.1170161","article-title":"Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis-related uveitis: Different ophthalmological manifestations and ocular inflammation features","volume":"32","author":"Abbouda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"R43-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.115506","article-title":"Co morbidities in psoriasis","volume":"79","author":"Aurangabadkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R44-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.12.019","article-title":"An observational study on ocular manifestations in patients of psoriasis in a tertiary care hospital in Western India","volume":"78","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"R45-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1547_22","article-title":"Commentary: A clinician should know about systemic psoriasis and eye","volume":"70","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R46-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO871","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2022-0081","article-title":"Ocular complications of antineoplastic therapies","volume":"9","author":"Bader","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Sci OA"},{"key":"R47-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2023-0041","article-title":"Ocular adverse effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Stoicescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"R48-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNO.0000166061.73483.CE","article-title":"Reversible optic neuropathy associated with low-dose methotrexate therapy","volume":"25","author":"Clare","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R49-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050724","article-title":"The autoimmune rheumatic disease related dry eye and its association with retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Shan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"R50-20250918","first-page":"713","article-title":"Ocular involvement and its\u2019 manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"150","author":"Markovitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"R51-20250918","first-page":"e46290","article-title":"Methotrexate-induced mucositis: A consequence of medication error in a rheumatoid arthritis patient","volume":"15","author":"Shrestha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R52-20250918","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(00)00359-2","article-title":"Factors associated with increased aqueous flare in psoriasis","volume":"45","author":"Okamoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R53-20250918","first-page":"487","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of aqueous flare in psoriasis using a laser flare-cell meter","volume":"101","author":"Okamoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"}],"container-title":["Journal of Current Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_147_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:44:15Z","timestamp":1787838255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_147_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_147_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-2325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-2325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}