{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1790700141791,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare meibomian gland (MG) loss and MG dysfunction (MGD) in patients with mild versus moderate-severe thyroid eye disease (TED).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients with TED and no other causes of dry eye disease underwent meibography and meiboscore of each eyelid were graded as 0 (no MG loss), 1 (&lt;33% loss), 2 (33%\u201366% loss), and 3 (&gt;66% loss), with a total score of 0\u20136. MG expression score (0\u20133), eyelid margin signs of MGD, lipid layer thickness (LLT), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear secretion, noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), and tear meniscus height (TMH) were also assessed by a masked observer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Included were 21 eyes (21 patients) with mild and 19 eyes (19 patients) with moderate-severe TED. The two groups were not different except for a higher frequency of smoking (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Eyes with moderate-severe TED showed a higher upper eyelid meiboscore (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), MG expression score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), and tear film osmolality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) as well as lower LLT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03). Total meiboscore had a significantly positive correlation with OSDI (r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.37) and tear film osmolality (r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.50) as well as a negative correlation with NITBUT (r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.55), TMH (r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.44), and LLT (r\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.38). While older age, male gender, smoking, and longer duration of disease were significantly associated with the higher (\u22653) meiboscore in univariate analysis, none remained significant in multivariate analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MG loss and MGD were significantly more severe in moderate-severe than mild TED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_176_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T04:00:42Z","timestamp":1737345642000},"page":"145-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Meibomian Gland Loss and Dysfunction in Mild versus Moderate-Severe Thyroid Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Aghaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Zarastvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parya","family":"Abdolalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Acieh","family":"Es\u2019haghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and 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