{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:22:19Z","timestamp":1787775739994,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the clinical features, radiographic features, treatment strategies, pathological features, and prognosis of orbital cholesterol granuloma (CG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve patients with orbital CG who were referred to Tianjin Eye Hospital between January 2002 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective case series study. Data collected including patient ophthalmic manifestations, imaging findings, treatment strategies, pathological features, and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients comprised 10 males and 2 females. The mean age was 34.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 8.9, median: 36 and range: 16\u201345 years). Four patients had a history of orbital trauma. The clinical manifestations at the first visit were proptosis (7\/12, 58.3%), periorbital or eyelid swelling (6\/12, 50%), limitation of eye movement (4\/12, 33.3%), ptosis (2\/12, 16.7%), and decreased visual acuity (1\/12, 8.3%). Computed tomography (CT) showed a nonenhancing, well-circumscribed lesion in the orbit with extensive erosion of the adjacent frontal bone and temporal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nonenhancing mass with intermediate-to-high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. Ten patients underwent lateral orbitotomy, and two patients underwent supraorbital orbitotomy. All patients had aggressive bone erosion. Histopathologic evaluation of the cyst contents and wall revealed cholesterol clefts, multinucleated giant cells, histiocytes, foamy macrophages, and altered blood pigments. The mean follow-up time of 79.6 months (SD = 49.8, range: 19\u2013193 months). Three patients were lost to follow-up. No postoperative diminution of vision was noted, and no recurrence was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CGs can present as superotemporal or temporal orbital lesions. The diagnosis can be established based on CT and MRI. Most of the patients can have no history of orbital trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_200_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T15:58:23Z","timestamp":1725983903000},"page":"401-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinicopathological Features and Management of Orbital Cholesterol Granuloma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Plastic and Orbital Disease, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiagen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Plastic and Orbital Disease, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wendeng Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Hospital of Shandong Province, Weihai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasha","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Plastic and Orbital Disease, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nankai University, Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocular Plastic and Orbital Disease, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_365_21","article-title":"Orbital cholesterol granuloma: Report of two cases","volume":"35","author":"Etezad-Razavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20240910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.11.095","article-title":"Orbitofrontal 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