{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:38:59Z","timestamp":1790566739494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the longitudinal changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a patient with torpedo maculopathy (TM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 37-year-old male, without any ocular symptoms, on dilated fundus examination showed a characteristic torpedo-shaped, flat, horizontally oriented, ovoid-shaped, hypopigmented chorioretinal lesion, temporal to the foveal center. At the most recent visit, after 6 years, the lesion exhibited changes on OCT, including the collapse of the subretinal cleft, the thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and inner choroidal layers, and the increased visibility of the underlying choroid and inner retinal excavation. The fundus autofluorescence demonstrated an increase in hypoautofluorescence in the center of the torpedo lesion, which was surrounded by a hyperautofluorescent boundary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This appears to be the first report of longitudinal changes in a classic case of TM, demonstrating changes in the RPE, inner choroidal, and outer retinal layers over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_216_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T04:00:10Z","timestamp":1737345610000},"page":"198-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Progressive Changes in a Torpedo Maculopathy Lesion Over a 6-Year Period"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sai Prashanti","family":"Chitturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishma","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Chhablani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080220020005","article-title":"Solitary hypopigmented nevus of the retinal pigment epithelium in the macula","volume":"110","author":"Roseman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.29","article-title":"Torpedo maculopathy at the site of the fetal \u201cbulge\u201d","volume":"128","author":"Shields","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20210201-04","article-title":"Torpedo maculopathy:A systematic review of case reports","volume":"52","author":"Menezes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 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adaptive optics, visual fields, optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram in a case of torpedo maculopathy","volume":"67","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769308","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.769308","article-title":"Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy with fluorescence adaptive optics imaging of individual retinal pigmented epithelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Vienola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"R10-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P27","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119827772","article-title":"Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy including adaptive optics","volume":"30","author":"Hugo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12435","article-title":"Novel optical coherence tomography classification of torpedo maculopathy","volume":"43","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_656_18","article-title":"Commentary:Inner retinal excavation in torpedo maculopathy and proposed type 3 lesions in optical coherence tomography","volume":"66","author":"Tripathy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20181101-20","article-title":"Choroidal neovascularization in torpedo maculopathy assessed on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"49","author":"Parodi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"R14-20250122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2020.100772","article-title":"Torpedo maculopathy complicated by choroidal 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