{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:10Z","timestamp":1786122790799,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate long-term outcomes of bilateral medial rectus recession in infantile esotropia (IET) using survival analysis of real-world data to identify predictors of surgical failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 121 IET patients with \u226512 months of follow-up. Motor success was defined as alignment within \u00b110 prism diopters at 6 months (early) and final visit (late). Sensory success was defined as binocular single vision (BSV), including fusion with or without stereopsis. Long-term motor stability was evaluated using survival analysis and Cox regression, while sensory outcomes were analyzed using multivariable regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median surgical age was 24 months; the mean follow-up was 77.8 \u00b1 59.6 months. Motor success was 56.2% at 6 months and 52.9% at the final follow-up. Cumulative success declined from 95.9% at 1 year to 54.9% at 10 years (median survival: 130 months). Male sex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009), larger initial deviation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035), and recession \u22656 mm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022) were independently associated with failure, whereas surgical timing within the age range represented in this cohort was not. At the last follow-up, 33.1% of patients were undercorrected and 14.0% overcorrected, with overcorrection more frequent in longer follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Stereopsis was achieved in 9.3% of patients, and 70.9% of patients demonstrated BSV. Amblyopia independently reduced the likelihood of achieving BSV (odds ratio = 0.26,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term motor alignment is maintained in about half of IET patients, though stability declines over time. Male sex, larger deviation, and higher surgical dose predict failure. Peripheral fusion is frequent, fine stereopsis remains rare, and amblyopia adversely affects sensory outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_261_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:41:19Z","timestamp":1786027279000},"page":"87-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Motor and Sensory Outcomes of Infantile Esotropia following Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession: A Survival Analysis and Real-World Results"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Umay","family":"G\u00fcven\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma G\u00fcl Yilmaz","family":"\u00c7inar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Topalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evin","family":"\u015eingar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Burcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2237_19","article-title":"Surgical outcomes and occurrence of associated vertical strabismus during a 10-year follow-up in patients with infantile esotropia","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R2-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.14744\/bej.2024.90958","article-title":"Treatment of infantile esotropia \u2013 Comparison between botulinum toxin a and bilateral medial rectus recession","volume":"9","author":"Mutaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beyoglu Eye J"},{"key":"R3-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S486510","article-title":"Surgical outcomes and factors related to their success of infantile esotropia in a tertiary hospital: A retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Srimanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1129_21","article-title":"Timing of surgery in essential infantile esotropia \u2013 What more do we know since the turn of the century?","volume":"70","author":"Bhate","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R5-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20200708-01","article-title":"Effects of surgical timing on surgical success and long-term motor and sensory outcomes of infantile esotropia","volume":"57","author":"Muz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"R6-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S116103","article-title":"Infantile esotropia: Risk factors associated with reoperation","volume":"10","author":"Magli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R7-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970500416594","article-title":"Final report of the early versus late infantile strabismus surgery study (ELISSS), a controlled, prospective, multicenter study","volume":"13","author":"Simonsz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"R9-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-35","article-title":"Essential infantile esotropia: Postoperative motor outcomes and inferential analysis of strabismus surgery","volume":"14","author":"Magli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20260807","first-page":"e74758","article-title":"Factors affecting surgical success rates in pediatric horizontal strabismus surgery","volume":"16","author":"Yetkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20260807","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Bilateral medial recession for infantile esotropia","volume":"235","author":"Nassri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"R12-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2019.1677729","article-title":"Brain abnormalities in infantile esotropia as predictor for consecutive exotropia","volume":"27","author":"Calis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"R13-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02901-5","article-title":"The incidence, clinical features, and management of essential infantile esotropia in the United Kingdom. A British Ophthalmology Surveillance Unit (BOSU) study","volume":"38","author":"Yeo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R14-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.157016","article-title":"Dissociated vertical deviation and its relationship with time and type of surgery in infantile esotropia","volume":"94","author":"Arslan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2011.07.005","article-title":"Can the preoperative fundus extorsion in infantile esotropia predict the development of postoperative inferior oblique overaction and dissociated vertical deviation?","volume":"46","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R16-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-011-0043-1","article-title":"Influence of timing of initial surgery for infantile esotropia on the severity of dissociated vertical deviation","volume":"55","author":"Yagasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2014.03.008","article-title":"Factors influencing the development and severity of dissociated vertical deviation in patients with infantile esotropia","volume":"18","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R18-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00566-2","article-title":"Relationship of dissociated vertical deviation and the timing of initial surgery for congenital esotropia","volume":"108","author":"Neely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R19-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2777_22","article-title":"Occurrence and subsequent development of vertical deviations in patients treated surgically for infantile esotropia","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R20-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695841","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.695841","article-title":"Essential infantile esotropia: A course of treatment from our experience","volume":"9","author":"Pensiero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R21-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2016.11.006","article-title":"Outcome of early surgery in infantile esotropia: Our experience in tertiary care hospital","volume":"73","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"R22-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP140915034A","article-title":"Long-term motor and sensory outcomes after surgery for infantile esotropia","volume":"73","author":"Altinsoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl"},{"key":"R23-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.07.014","article-title":"Latent binocular function in amblyopia","volume":"140","author":"Chadnova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"R24-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181a6168d","article-title":"Stereoacuity outcomes after treatment of infantile and accommodative esotropia","volume":"86","author":"Birch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"R25-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.06.007","article-title":"Can ophthalmologists repair the brain in infantile esotropia? Early surgery, stereopsis, monofixation syndrome, and the legacy of Marshall Parks","volume":"9","author":"Tychsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"R26-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30756-7","article-title":"Outcome study of surgical alignment before six months of age for congenital esotropia","volume":"102","author":"Ing","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R27-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0181-5512(05)80987-8","article-title":"Infantile esotropia: Comparison of surgery results when the intervention takes place before or after 30 months of age","volume":"28","author":"Vasseneix","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Current Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_261_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:00:58Z","timestamp":1786104058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_261_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_261_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-2325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-2325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}