{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:29:50Z","timestamp":1788557390170,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To do a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the existing literature on the effectiveness and safety of pilocarpine 1.25% eye drops in presbyopia management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant articles were extracted from the online database using keywords \u2013 \u201cpilocarpine and presbyopia\u201d, \u201cAGN-190584 and presbyopia\u201d, and \u201cVuity and presbyopia\u201d. The primary outcome measure considered was an improvement in distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) and secondary outcome measures were improvement in distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) and adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the ROB2 tool and R software was used for quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 3 included randomized control trials (RCTs) had a total of 980 participants between 40\u201355 years of age. They were randomized into 2 groups \u2013 489 in the pilocarpine group and 491 in the vehicle group. In the pilocarpine group, 1.25% of pilocarpine was used either once (in the Gemini 1 and 2 trials) or twice daily (Virgo trial). A significantly higher proportion of patients reported improvement of DCIVA and gain of \u2265 3 lines in binocular DCNVA in the pilocarpine group than the vehicle group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Headache was the most commonly reported AE (13.49% of participants). Three case reports published on pilocarpine use for presbyopia management have reported vitreomacular traction in 1 and retinal detachment in 5 eyes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available evidence documents significant improvement in near and intermediate vision in presbyopia participants with pilocarpine 1.25% drop. However, more RCTs, involving a wider age group, larger refractive error, longer follow-up, and clinical testing in a real-world scenario are required to conclusively prove its role in presbyopia management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_262_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T04:00:11Z","timestamp":1737345611000},"page":"111-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Pilocarpine 1.25% in Presbyopia Treatment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mamta","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibhuti 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