{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:10Z","timestamp":1786122790775,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the disease prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) among new patients before and after the declaration of a state of emergency due to coronavirus disease 2019 on April 7, 2020, in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New patients and patients with newly diagnosed CRVO were categorized into \u201cBefore\u201d and \u201cAfter\u201d groups based on the initial visit. The prevalence rate, sex ratio, and age of patients newly diagnosed with CRVO were compared between the groups. The prevalence rate of patients newly diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) was also examined in the before and after groups. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the initial visit, retinal photocoagulation, and BCVA after treatment were compared among 232 eyes observed in 12 \u00b1 2 months after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No significant differences in prevalence rates of CRVO among newly diagnosed patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.232), patients with RRD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.560), or patients with PEX (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.972) were observed in both groups. No significant differences in sex ratio and age were observed in both groups. Although BCVA at the initial visit (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.142) and after treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.155) showed no significant differences, retinal photocoagulation (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) significantly increased in the after group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic did not affect the prevalence of CRVO among new patients compared with that of RRD and PEX, it may be associated with a greater need for retinal photocoagulation, suggesting changes in disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_310_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:41:08Z","timestamp":1786027268000},"page":"61-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Central Retinal Vein Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Muto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imaizumi Eye Hospital, Koriyama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Machida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imaizumi Eye Hospital, Koriyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuju","family":"Sekiryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13603","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: Analysis of risk factors for death and major bleeding","volume":"106","author":"Demelo-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"R2-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0474-5","article-title":"Emerging evidence of a COVID-19 thrombotic syndrome has treatment implications","volume":"16","author":"Merrill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"R3-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.310367","article-title":"Thrombotic regulation from the endothelial cell perspectives","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R4-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11855","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15976-z","article-title":"Senescent endothelial cells are predisposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent endothelial dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Urata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R6-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104840","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Greinacher","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104882","article-title":"Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Schultz","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105385","article-title":"Pathologic antibodies to platelet factor 4 after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Scully","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R9-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1931","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1931","article-title":"Risk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: Self-controlled case series study","volume":"374","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R10-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102898","article-title":"Central retinal vein occlusion in patients with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"R11-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000530697","article-title":"Central retinal vein occlusion after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"14","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63957-1","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"14","author":"Muto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R13-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90342-1","article-title":"Visual acuity impairment in patients with retinitis pigmentosa at age 45 years or older","volume":"106","author":"Grover","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R14-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.0632","article-title":"Changes in the incidence of retinal vascular occlusions after COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"140","author":"Modjtahedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44199-z","article-title":"Retinal vascular occlusion risks during the COVID-19 pandemic and after SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R16-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.019","article-title":"Retinal artery and vein occlusion risks after coronavirus disease 2019 or coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination","volume":"131","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R17-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.017","article-title":"Ocular adverse events after coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccination: Matched cohort and self-controlled case series studies using a large database","volume":"130","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R18-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20211209-01","article-title":"Incidence of retinal artery and vein occlusions during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"53","author":"Al-Moujahed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"R19-20260807","first-page":"40","article-title":"Retinal vein occlusion review","volume":"7","author":"Michael","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R20-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000598","article-title":"Update on retinal vein occlusion","volume":"12","author":"Romano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R21-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.173132","article-title":"Central retinal vein occlusion: A review of current evidence-based treatment options","volume":"23","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R22-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16305","article-title":"During the COVID-19 pandemic 20 000 prostate cancer diagnoses were missed in England","volume":"133","author":"Lemanska","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"R23-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35042","article-title":"Effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on mortality in patients with lung cancer: A multiple mediation analysis in Japan","volume":"155","author":"Miyamori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R24-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9712","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249712","article-title":"Vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage in COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Yamaoka-Tojo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R25-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173644","article-title":"Treatment for COVID-19: An overview","volume":"889","author":"Stasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R26-20260807","first-page":"195","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R27-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.07.017","article-title":"Risk of noninfectious uveitis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in a United States claims database","volume":"130","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R28-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001900","article-title":"Optic neuritis after COVID-19 vaccination: An analysis of the vaccine adverse event reporting system","volume":"43","author":"Jaffry","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"R29-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10081422","article-title":"Effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on eye emergency department, increasing prevalence of uveitis and optic neuritis in the COVID-19 era","volume":"10","author":"Przybek-Skrzypecka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"R30-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2021.1875012","article-title":"Ocular trauma during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"28","author":"Stedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R31-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000539","article-title":"Ocular trauma during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"key":"R32-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2022-321357","article-title":"Increased incidence of endophthalmitis after vitrectomy relative to face mask wearing during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"107","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R33-20260807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.4157","article-title":"Mask-associated dry-eye in COVID-19 pandemic: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"72","author":"Ali Momin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Current Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_310_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T12:00:52Z","timestamp":1786104052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_310_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_310_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-2325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-2325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-07","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}