{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:30:00Z","timestamp":1787070600776,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical and demographic aspects of off-label drug use applications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Applications for off-label drug use in the treatment of AMD to the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TITCK) in 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, requested drugs, previous treatment regimens, and reasons for applications were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 209) was 64.9 \u00b1 15.7 years, of which 48.8% were male and 51.2% were female. Ranibizumab (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 113) comprised 54.1% and aflibercept (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 96) 45.9% of off-label use applications. No application was made for bevacizumab. The most frequent reasons for application were switchback (49.3%), nonreimbursement of indicated drugs in cases under 50 years of age (24.4%), and failure to complete the loading dose (14.4%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ranibizumab was the most requested off-label drug for AMD. There was no application for off-label bevacizumab since its use does not require approval from TITCK. In Turkey, new rules were established for the reimbursement of intravitreal drugs for AMD in 2019. Three doses of intravitreal bevacizumab were required initially for aflibercept and ranibizumab to be covered for reimbursement. There is not enough data in the English literature regarding the off-label use of ranibizumab and aflibercept for AMD. This study provides information about drug regulations and the off-label treatment options preferred by physicians for AMD in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_323_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T18:32:03Z","timestamp":1717266723000},"page":"61-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Off-Label Uses of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept for Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mevlut","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Etlik City Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Citirik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Etlik City Hospital, University of Health 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