{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:31:00Z","timestamp":1787070660136,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of topical fasudil drop, as a Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor agent, on type 2 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comparative case series included 42 eyes of 21 premature infants with type 2 ROP. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned to receive a fasudil eye drop of 0.5% twice a day. The other eye received artificial tear drops twice a day as a control. The administration began at the time of prethreshold ROP diagnosis until 45 weeks of postmenstrual age. Funduscopic examination was performed weekly until complete retinal vascularization or progression into type 1 ROP. The extent of the retinal avascular area or progression into type 1 prethreshold ROP was compared between the two eyes of each infant. The influence of associated systemic conditions on the process of angiogenesis was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 5 (23.8%) premature infants, reduction of the avascular zone area was observed in eyes treated with fasudil drop compared to the other eye (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.808). In 16 (76.2%) premature infants, no difference in the size of the avascular area was observed between the two eyes. None of the studied systemic factors influenced the reduction in the size of the avascular area, except for weight gain. However, the correlation between weight gain and reduction in avascular area size was only marginally significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.052).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical 0.5% fasudil was safe, but showed no statistically significant benefit in reducing the avascular zone or preventing progression to type 1 ROP in this pilot study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_81_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T13:03:08Z","timestamp":1761224588000},"page":"93-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Topical Fasudil in Type 2 Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Mohammadbagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Ahmadieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Entezari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Emamverdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Kheiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homayoun","family":"Nikkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.009","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity:A global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control","volume":"84","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"R2-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.12.015","article-title":"Late-onset retinal findings and complications in untreated retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"4","author":"Hamad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"R3-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v5.i1.35","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity:Past, present and future","volume":"5","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"R4-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.002","article-title":"Pathophysiology, screening and treatment of ROP:A multi-disciplinary perspective","volume":"62","author":"Chan-Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R5-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04283-5","article-title":"Rho kinase inhibitors-a review on the physiology and clinical use in ophthalmology","volume":"257","author":"Moura-Coelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R6-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000054198.68894.88","article-title":"Involvement of RhoA\/Rho kinase signaling in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro","volume":"23","author":"van Nieuw Amerongen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"R7-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.6.21","article-title":"Inhibition of retinal ganglion cell loss by a novel ROCK inhibitor (E212) in ischemic optic nerve injury via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions","volume":"62","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R8-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17411","article-title":"Vascular normalization by ROCK inhibitor:Therapeutic potential of ripasudil (K-115) eye drop in retinal angiogenesis and hypoxia","volume":"57","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R9-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.098582","article-title":"The Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study:Structural findings at age 2 years","volume":"90","author":"Good","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.4517","article-title":"Validation of the postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity screening criteria","volume":"138","author":"Binenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R11-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2016.1255765","article-title":"Postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity study:Rationale, design, and subject characteristics","volume":"24","author":"Binenbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"R12-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.00773","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity:A review of epidemiology and current treatment strategies","volume":"65","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"R13-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/17469899.2019.1596026","article-title":"A review of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"14","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R14-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2016.12.004","article-title":"Advances in understanding and management of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"62","author":"Hartnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R15-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101018","article-title":"Assessment and management of retinopathy of prematurity in the era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)","volume":"88","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R16-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684","article-title":"Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity:Results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial","volume":"121","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R17-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2018.04.002","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity:A review of risk factors and their clinical significance","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.049","article-title":"Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity:Risks, safety concerns, and perspectives","volume":"163","author":"Filippi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R19-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.945","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed high-dose docosahexaenoic acid:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Makrides","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R20-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.02.052","article-title":"Safety of early high-dose recombinant erythropoietin for neuroprotection in very preterm infants","volume":"167","author":"Fauch\u00e8re","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R21-20251117","first-page":"CD013873","article-title":"Caffeine dosing regimens in preterm infants with or at risk for apnea of prematurity","volume":"4","author":"Bruschettini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R22-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.1016","article-title":"Postnatal serum insulin-like growth factor I deficiency is associated with retinopathy of prematurity and other complications of premature birth","volume":"112","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R23-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000493","article-title":"Inhibition of rho-associated kinase prevents pathological wound healing and neovascularization after corneal trauma","volume":"34","author":"Sijnave","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Journal of Current Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_81_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:34:21Z","timestamp":1787067261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/joco.joco_81_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_81_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-2325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-2325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}