{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:43Z","timestamp":1787071243242,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially malignant condition prevalent in Southeast Asia, primarily associated with betel nut consumption. The pathogenesis involves overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21), which drives fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Despite available therapies, effective long-term management remains elusive.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study investigates the antifibrotic activity of\n Swertia purpurascens<\/jats:italic>\n Wall extract, a xanthone-rich medicinal herb, by evaluating its effect on TGF-\u03b21 expression, fibroblast viability, and ECM remodelling in primary OSF-derived human fibroblasts.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Primary fibroblasts were isolated from OSF biopsy tissues, authenticated through STR profiling, and phenotypically confirmed by vimentin expression using flow cytometry. Cells were treated with\n Swertia purpurascens<\/jats:italic>\n extract at concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 500 \u03bcg\/mL. TGF-\u03b21 secretion was quantified using ELISA. Cell viability was measured via MTT assay over a 72-hour period. Collagen gel contraction assays assessed ECM remodelling capacity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A significant, dose-dependent reduction in TGF-\u03b21 secretion was observed, with the highest concentration (500 \u03bcg\/mL) achieving nearly 50% inhibition (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Fibroblast viability decreased linearly over time (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.998), indicating sustained cytostatic activity. Post-treatment gel contraction also reduced by approximately 50%, supported by linear regression analysis (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.955).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Swertia purpurascens<\/jats:italic>\n Wall extract effectively attenuates fibrosis-related cellular processes in OSF-derived fibroblasts. Its ability to suppress TGF-\u03b21 signalling, limit fibroblast proliferation, and inhibit ECM contraction highlights its potential as a plant-based antifibrotic therapy for OSF and related fibrotic disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_115_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T10:00:49Z","timestamp":1758880849000},"page":"402-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Swertia purpurascens Wall: Evaluation of its antifibrotic activity in an in vitro model of oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Snehalata","family":"Narvekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE V K Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shridhar D.","family":"Baliga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KLE V K Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Punnya V","family":"Angadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, KLE V K Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2005.00325.x","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis \u2013a collagen metabolic disorder","volume":"34","author":"Rajalalitha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R2-20250926","first-page":"27","article-title":"Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis:The past and current concepts","volume":"3","author":"Sudarshan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R3-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.11.021","article-title":"Review of drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"48","author":"Chole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R4-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_371_20","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis:An overview of a challenging entity","volume":"87","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R5-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.48","article-title":"TGF-?:The master regulator of fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"R6-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-024-00344-6","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis:Pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.05.010","article-title":"Post-translational regulation of TGF-? 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in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R14-20250926","first-page":"1760","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of natural xanthones for the treatment of fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"R15-20250926","first-page":"5005","article-title":"Effect of Swertia chirayita on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with induced hepatic fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"R16-20250926","first-page":"113055","article-title":"Evaluation of the antifibrotic potential of Swertia purpurascens extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats","volume":"260","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"R17-20250926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2025.02.002","article-title":"Dental pulp stem cells as a novel antifibrotic therapy for oral submucous fibrosis:An in vitro study","volume":"15","author":"Snehalata","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R18-20250926","first-page":"1910","article-title":"Xanthones in the prevention and treatment of fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_115_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:34Z","timestamp":1787067814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_115_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_115_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-17","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}