{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:21:16Z","timestamp":1790461276695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gutka, a form of smokeless tobacco, is widely consumed and has been associated with adverse oral health effects, including changes in the oral microbiome.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      are prominent oral pathogens linked to periodontal diseases and oral carcinogenesis. The study aims to understand the microbial profile of gutka users by analysing salivary samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This pilot study was conducted on 20 participants (Healthy individuals, gutka users with premalignant lesion and frank cancer). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected under aseptic conditions. Samples were cultured on selective media for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      under anaerobic conditions. Colony morphology was used to identify and quantify the isolates. Statistical analysis compared the bacterial counts between the two groups. Statistical analysis T-tests and ANOVA were used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated in higher proportions among gutka users. The mean colony-forming unit (CFU) count of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      was significantly higher in gutka users compared to non-users. Similarly,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      counts were elevated in gutka users CFU\/ml) compared to non-users. The difference was statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gutka consumption is associated with increased salivary levels of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings emphasize the role of smokeless tobacco in altering the oral microbiome and its potential contribution to oral diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_17_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T02:00:22Z","timestamp":1751248822000},"page":"206-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Detection and quantification of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis in salivary samples of gutka and non-gutka users- \u2018A pilot study\u2019"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Vidya M.","family":"Annegowda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Vokkaliga Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnanand P.","family":"Satelur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Vokkaliga Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. C. Thejas","family":"Shekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Vokkaliga Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences, Vokkaliga Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0278221","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278221","article-title":"Identifying oral microbiome alterations in adult betel quid chewing population of Delhi, India","volume":"18","author":"Bahuguna","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS 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