{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1787772273857,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the oral cavity like oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and leukoplakia are known to be caused due to addictive habits, while serum cortisol is accepted to be a stress hormone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was aimed to assess and correlate the anxiety, depression and serum cortisol levels in habit-associated PMDs such as OSMF and leukoplakia and compare it with healthy subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety patients were included in the study and were divided into three Groups, namely Group I (OSMF), Group II (leukoplakia) and Group III (control group). Serum cortisol levels and severity of anxiety and depression using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were recorded and correlated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant correlation existed between serum cortisol level and levels of both anxiety and depression between Group I and II as compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There exists a definite correlation between serum cortisol levels and the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with leukoplakia and OSMF, with increasing levels of serum cortisol and higher values in both the HAM-A and HAM-D scales in patients with both OSMF and leukoplakia. PMDs such as leukoplakia and OSMF have an established cancer-causing potential. Anxiety and depression although prevalent are underdiagnosed and poorly understood. Hence, a holistic approach in the treatment of such pathologies including hematological investigations and psychological evaluation should be mandatorily made a part of the workup and treatment plan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_1_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:36:28Z","timestamp":1682487388000},"page":"54-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment and correlation of anxiety, depression and serum cortisol levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia: A clinicohematological study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Manshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Consultant, Oral Medicine and Radiology, AME's Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit R.","family":"Byatnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Zydus Medical College and Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DNSV.","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, AME's Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Zydus Medical College and Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram Simha","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, G. Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Najmuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260303","first-page":"453","article-title":"Psychological stress associated with aphthous ulcers and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"67","author":"Aslam","year":"2017","journal-title":"PAFMJ"},{"key":"R2-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.21474\/IJAR01\/1892","article-title":"Stress evaluation using das scale and salivary cortisol in patients with oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Sonal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res"},{"key":"R3-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/ejd.ejd_9_17","article-title":"Assessment of anxiety, depression, and serum cortisol level in oral submucous fibrosis patients: A controlled clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Kanodia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R4-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"R5-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R7-20260303","first-page":"E687","article-title":"Prevalence of leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, papilloma and its relation with stress among green marbles mine laborers, India","volume":"13","author":"Dagli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R8-20260303","first-page":"79","article-title":"The relationship of serum cortisol levels with severity of depression and age in severe depression","volume":"13","author":"Shabaan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Al Azhar Assiut Med J"},{"key":"R9-20260303","first-page":"2542","article-title":"Assess the level of depression among oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients","volume":"7","author":"Kasturkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"key":"R10-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2010.00948.x","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity among patients with oral sub-mucous fibrosis: A preliminary study","volume":"39","author":"Mubeen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R11-20260303","first-page":"67","article-title":"Addiction, cigarette smoking, and voluntary control of action: Do cigarette smokers lose their free will?","volume":"5","author":"Baumeister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_1_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:35:58Z","timestamp":1787769358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_1_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_1_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}