{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:28:07Z","timestamp":1786728487829,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Areca nut is deeply rooted sociocultural habit in India. Areca nut reported to be infested by fungi during the field and storage conditions. Areca nut alkaloids, nitrosamines, tobacco and aflatoxin are cytotoxic, immunotoxic to red blood cell and epithelial cell. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the serum aflatoxin B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) antibody titer, percent hemolysis and transaminases in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 128 participants of which 88 were suffering from OSMF. Twenty participants were areca nut habitual without OSMF (habitual control) and 20 participants without any habit (healthy control). For the detection of AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      antibody titer, AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      antigen (Sigma) A6636 from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      flavus was used. Percent hemolysis was estimated as per the procedure described by Mathuria and Verma. Serum Glutamic oxalo acetic transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were estimated by the optimized ultraviolet method using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean SGOT, SGPT, percent hemolysis and AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      antibody titer were significantly higher in participants with OSMF than the habitual and healthy controls. AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      antibody titer and % hemolysis in both OSMF and habitual without OSMF were showed significant correlation, i.e., increased AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      antibody titer with increased % hemolysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A study result demonstrates that aflatoxin causes increase in serum transaminases which is indicative of liver damage in OSMF. The combined toxic effects of areca nut alkaloids, tobacco and AFB\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      on red blood cell (RBC) cell wall might be responsible for increased percent hemolysis in OSMF and habitual control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_226_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1624878575000},"page":"110-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum aflatoxin B1 antibody titer, percent hemolysis and transaminases in oral submucous fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rahul R","family":"Bhowate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya K","family":"Lohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrunal Ghusaji","family":"Meshram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwarna B","family":"Dangore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195605\/06)9:3<431::AID-CNCR2820090302>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Cancer of the buccal mucosa; a clinical study of 650 cases in Indian patients","volume":"9","author":"Paymaster","year":"1956","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R2-22-20240906","first-page":"748","article-title":"Frequency of oral submucous fibrosis in North India","volume":"32","author":"Pindborg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R3-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90367-7","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Pindborg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R4-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01302.x","article-title":"Incidence rates of oral cancer and natural history of oral precancerous lesions in a 10-year follow-up study of Indian villagers","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"1980","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R5-22-20240906","first-page":"224","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition","volume":"92","author":"Pindborg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scand J Dent Res"},{"key":"R6-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1985.tb00468.x","article-title":"Malignant transformation rate in oral submucous fibrosis over a 17-year period","volume":"13","author":"Murti","year":"1985","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12553","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis","volume":"46","author":"Gadbail","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R8-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12612","article-title":"Ki67, CD105, and .-SMA expressions better relate the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization?","volume":"46","author":"Gadbail","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R9-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12699","article-title":"Dysplastic features relevant to malignant transformation in atrophic epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis: A preliminary study","volume":"47","author":"Sarode","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R10-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.08.005","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: Review on aetiology and pathogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Tilakaratne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R11-22-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920415)69:8<2011::AID-CNCR2820690802>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. 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