{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:35:48Z","timestamp":1787841348977,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n \n The rise in the incidence of clinical resistance to antifungal therapy and failure to respond in recent years underscores the need for a time-honored approach to treat the disease using natural drugs instead of synthetic drugs, which have lesser adverse effects and good patient response.\n Punica granatum<\/jats:italic>\n (pomegranate) is a fruit that has admirable medicinal value.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study aimed to evaluate the\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n antifungal efficacy of\n P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n peel extract against oral\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n compared with clotrimazole.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n The study design involves an in-vitro study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Saliva from candidiasis patients was inoculated and cultured on 60 separate Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and incubated at 37\u00b0C for 48 h from which\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species were collected. Agar well-diffusion method was followed. Different concentrations of\n P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n peel extracts, ethanol solvent (control) and standard clotrimazole were added into the wells and allowed to diffuse at room temperature for 2 h. The plates were incubated at 37\u00b0C for 48 h. The antifungal potential of test compounds was determined based on the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition around the well in millimeters.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n Statistical analysis was performed using IBM software SPSS version 20 at one-way ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Antifungal efficacies of\n P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n peel extract and clotrimazole were statistically significant, and there was an increase in inhibitory efficacy with an increase in concentration. Minimum inhibitory concentration of\n P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n peel extract approximated with that of clotrimazole.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results of this study indicate that\n P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n peel extract can be used as an effective natural substitute for synthetic antifungal agents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_268_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T15:47:24Z","timestamp":1588866444000},"page":"188-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Punica granatum as a salutiferous superfruit in the treatment of oral candidiasis \u2013 An in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"K S Prem","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Shiny","family":"Samlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Sudharshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Vignesswary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Divya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","first-page":"ZC114","article-title":"\u201cRhetoric to Reality\u201d Efficacy of Punica Granatum peel extract on oral candidiasis: An in vitro Study","volume":"11","author":"Madugula","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R2-20250920","first-page":"296","article-title":"In vivo comparative evaluation of the pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract as an alternative agent to nystatin against oral candidiasis","volume":"43","author":"Bassiri-Jahromi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"R3-20250920","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Punica granatum peel extracts against oral pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"R4-20250920","first-page":"63","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and in vitro bioactivity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Euphorbiaceae)","volume":"1","author":"Awoyinka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Plant Res"},{"key":"R6-20250920","article-title":"Screening Methods in the Study of Fungicidal Property of Medicinal Plants Fungicides for Plant and Animal","author":"Sasidharan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013005000060","article-title":"Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum L. and evaluation of the morphological and structural modifications of its compounds upon the cells of Candida spp","volume":"44","author":"Anibal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.70792","article-title":"Antifungal efficacy of Punica granatum, Acacia nilotica, Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare on Candida albicans: An in vitro study","volume":"21","author":"Pai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_268_19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:51:02Z","timestamp":1787838662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_268_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_268_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}