{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:38:12Z","timestamp":1786649892816,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In general, the natural killer (NK) cells are considered to represent the innate immune system and act as the vital effector of lymphocytes. Natural killer cells (NK) cells target and destroy tumour-causing cells. The purpose of this study is to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CD57<\/jats:italic>\n                      in different histopathological grades of Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty archival blocks were selected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem comprising 10 histologically proven cases of Well, Moderately and Poorly differentiated OSCC each.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistical analysis of results were done.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of Chi-square test for the overall staining expression in 30 OSCCs was 0.001 and highly significant. On comparing the positive and negative staining of well and poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value obtained by Chi-square analysis was 0.001 and was highly significant. When well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was compared with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and when moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was compared with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value was insignificant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results concluded that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CD57<\/jats:italic>\n                      biomarker gives the impression of being a good indicator of the immune status of the patient and the aggressiveness of the lesion. Results can be improvised in future studies with increased sample size and clinical correlation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_288_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T12:00:31Z","timestamp":1766836831000},"page":"578-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunohistochemical expression of CD57 in different histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Rathipriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Prem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vidya Srinidhi","family":"Sakthivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambika","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Varrshana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260420","first-page":"87","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, 2012","volume":"65","author":"Torre","year":"2015","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15369","article-title":"Oral cancer in the south and south-east Asia region, 2022: Incidence and mortality","volume":"31","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00224-3","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70017-6","article-title":"HPV-associated head and neck cancer: A virus-related cancer epidemic","volume":"11","author":"Marur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-025-06098-w","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of oral cancer, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"151","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R11-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12320","article-title":"Prognostic implication of CD57, CD16, and TGF-\u03b2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Taghavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R12-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.185933","article-title":"Evaluation of natural killer cell (CD57) as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemistry study","volume":"20","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R13-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-016-1803-z","article-title":"CD57 in human natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes","volume":"65","author":"Kared","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"R15-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00422","article-title":"Functional significance of CD57 expression on human NK cells and relevance to disease","volume":"4","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R16-20260420","first-page":"5654","article-title":"Evidence for local and systemic activation of immune cells by peritumoral injections of interleukin 2 in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"53","author":"Whiteside","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R17-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19310","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14242","article-title":"Prognostic impact of immune microenvironment in laryngeal and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Immune cell subtypes, immuno-suppressive pathways and clinicopathologic characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Karpathiou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"R18-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3317-2","article-title":"Prognostic significance of tumour infiltrating immune cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R19-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2010.02.019","article-title":"Evaluation of natural killer cell defense in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"46","author":"T\u00fcrkseven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R20-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5935\/2525-5711.20170010","article-title":"Evaluation of CD57+ cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters","volume":"2","author":"de Sousa Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Diagn"},{"key":"R21-20260420","first-page":"5729","article-title":"Increase of peripheral blood CD57+ T-cells in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Iida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R22-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2009.00792.x","article-title":"Differential infiltration of CD8+ and NK cells in lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Zancope","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_288_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:59:37Z","timestamp":1786647577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_288_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_288_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}