{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:51Z","timestamp":1786649991248,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Oral cancer still represents the leading cause of mortality in India. Due to the drawbacks of current treatment options, a safe, low-cost therapy is the need of the hour. Recently, novel plant extracts with anti-cancer properties have gained greater attention. One among them is Annona muricata and its leaf extract, which has been studied for its anti-cancer effect against various cancers. However, studies on oral cancer cells are very much limited and hence the study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata (ALEAM) against SCC-15 cell lines through\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n assays.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n assays such as MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], colony formation and wound healing assays were performed. Furthermore, to evaluate the underlying mechanism, gene and protein expression analysis of apoptotic\/anti-apoptotic marker genes Bax, P53 and Bcl2, were done using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Student\u2019s\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test has been performed for analysis of experimental data.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results showed that ALEAM exhibited significant cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner as well as inhibited colony formation and cell migration. The pro-apoptotic properties were affirmed by a highly significant drop in Bcl-2 gene expression and a highly significant rise in P53 and Bax genes in the study group compared to the control (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The current study provides evidence that ALEAM has the potential to be developed as a novel anti-cancer drug for the treatment of SCC after further clinical studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_299_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T19:53:06Z","timestamp":1725652386000},"page":"469-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata on oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-15): An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"S. 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