{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:35:51Z","timestamp":1787841351182,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n \n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n is a yeast-like fungus, and it causes candidiasis. Since it is commonly encountered in many cases, the need of the hour is for rapid and reliable method for identification of these fungi in tissue sections.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the staining efficacy of calcofluor white (CFW) and acridine orange (AO) for the detection of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using fluorescence microscopy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n Sample size comprised forty cases of OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Before tissue sampling, a swab of the area was taken, it was immediately inoculated on Sabouraud's dextrose agar media and germ tube test was performed for positive cultures for species identification. Tissue sections were obtained from cases of OSCC from the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of the same cases in which microbiological assessment was done at the time of tissue sampling, were stained with CFW and AO stain, respectively, and were examined using a fluorescent microscope.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n \n Descriptive statistics were expressed in numbers and percentage. Independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test (unpaired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test) and Chi-square test were used.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u22640.05 was taken to be statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean number of microorganisms per high-power field stained by CFW and AO was 6.35 and 2.57, respectively, and a statistically significant difference (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 0.001) was observed. CFW compared to swab culture gave\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.018, which showed a statistically significant association.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n CFW is a better fluorescent stain when compared to AO to detect\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species in tissue sections of OSCC cases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_315_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T15:47:24Z","timestamp":1588866444000},"page":"81-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparative evaluation of staining efficacy of calcofluor white and acridine orange for detection of Candida species using fluorescence microscopy \u2013 A prospective microbiological study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Punjabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jigna","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/labmed\/15.2.109","article-title":"Use of calcofluor white in clinical mycology","volume":"15","author":"Hageage","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-6816.124188","article-title":"Detection of Candida species by acridine orange fluorescent dye in exfoliative smears of oral candidiasis","volume":"1","author":"Naik","year":"2014","journal-title":"S J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580080135015","article-title":"Acridine orange fluorescent stain for fungi","volume":"83","author":"Chick","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.44575","article-title":"Candida and calcofluor white: Study in precancer and cancer","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R9-20250920","first-page":"115","article-title":"Detection of Candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma by fluorescence staining technique","volume":"12","author":"Jahanshahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"key":"R10-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1309\/EPH2TDT8335GH0R3","article-title":"Calcofluor white: A review of its uses and applications in clinical mycology and parasitology","volume":"34","author":"Harrington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"R11-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1961.90","article-title":"A simple fluorescent method for the detection of superficial fungi in skin and hair. A combined stain with acridine orange and potassium hydroxide","volume":"37","author":"Chick","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412869","article-title":"Prevalence rates of candidosis in leukoplakias and carcinomas of the oral cavity","volume":"266","author":"Hornstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"R14-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90161-7","article-title":"Chronic oral candidiasis and leukoplakia","volume":"22","author":"Cawson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R15-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2926-6","article-title":"Analysis of oral yeast microflora in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"Berkovits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"R16-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(87)90339-2","article-title":"Yeast species and biotypes associated with oral leukoplakia and lichen planus","volume":"63","author":"Krogh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R17-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(87)90373-2","article-title":"The use of Calcofluor white in the histopathologic diagnosis of oral candidiasis","volume":"63","author":"Lynch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R18-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5958\/2394-5478.2015.00004.7","article-title":"Comparison of KOH, calcofluor white and fungal culture for diagnosing fungal onychomycosis in an urban teaching hospital","volume":"2","author":"Dass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"R19-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/34.3.197","article-title":"A simple fluorescent stain for fungi. Selective staining of fungi by means of a fluorescent method for mucin","volume":"34","author":"Pickett","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R20-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/85.2.222","article-title":"Calcofluor white detection of fungi in cytopathology","volume":"85","author":"Monheit","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_315_18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:50:59Z","timestamp":1787838659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_315_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_315_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}