{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T16:19:17Z","timestamp":1787847557792,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), widespread in the Indian subcontinent, is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity having a high potential for malignancy. The etiology of OSF is debatable. However, recently, autoimmunity had been suggested to play a significant role in its etiology, yet unproven. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the serum of OSF patients which is one of the serum markers of autoimmune diseases and its possible clinicopathologic associations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 105 blood samples were collected from patients with OSF (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 45), age- and sex-matched healthy controls with (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30) and without (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30) areca nut chewing habit. Serum positivity of ANA was determined by immunofluorescence and correlated with the oral habits and severity of the disease measured by maximum mouth opening (MMO) and site of involvement.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Significantly higher incidence of ANA (35.6%) was found in 45 OSF patients than in the healthy group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). Prevalence of ANA positivity was found higher in females (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 11; 68%) than males (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). A significantly lower MMO (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.00) was found in ANA positive patients (17 \u00b1 6.21 mm) in contrast to MMO in ANA-negative patients (28.74 \u00b1 6.58 mm). The mean duration of habit and frequency of habit between ANA positive and negative patients was not significant. A significantly more number of sites of involvement was seen in ANA positive cases (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004). Out of 16 ANA positive OSF cases, 10 cases showed + 2 and 6 cases showed + 3 fluorescence intensity. Speckled (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 8), homogeneous (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 5) and nucleolar pattern (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 3) were the fluorescence patterns observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The presence of autoantibodies such as ANA, female predilection, alteration of humoral and cellular immunity justifies OSF as an autoimmune disease. This study provides broader prospective to adopt therapies that selectively target autoimmune pathways.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_376_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1624878575000},"page":"201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and its clinicopathologic implications \u2013 An immunofluorescence study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aprna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya Narayan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijoy Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipsa","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12581","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on current theories of pathogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Arakeri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R2-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.03.011","article-title":"Clinical features and presentation of oral potentially malignant disorders","volume":"125","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R3-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-015-0796-z","article-title":"\u201cOral Submucous Fibrosis Scoring Index\u201d to predict the treatment algorithm in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Lambade","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R4-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-0399-7","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: A contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"49","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R5-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.137772","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis and its dermatological relation","volume":"5","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R6-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00541","article-title":"Autoantibodies associated with connective tissue diseases: What meaning for clinicians?","volume":"9","author":"Didier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R7-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1967.tb01278.x","article-title":"Subepithelial changes in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"70","author":"Sirsat","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"R8-43-20240906","first-page":"572","article-title":"Betel chewing and dietary habits of chewers without and with submucous fibrosis and with concomitant oral cancer","volume":"74","author":"Seedat","year":"1988","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"R9-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.00117.x","article-title":"High incidence of autoantibodies in Taiwanese patients with oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"Chiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R10-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0904-2512.2004.00116.x","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: A case-control study in Chennai, South India","volume":"33","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R11-43-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.26022","article-title":"Epidemiological and etiological study of oral submucous fibrosis among gutkha chewers of Patna, Bihar, India","volume":"24","author":"Ahmad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R12-43-20240906","first-page":"39","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis. 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