{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:05:33Z","timestamp":1790366733335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to the American Dental Association, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to a group of disorders characterised by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication. TMJ noise\/sounds, and any deviations or restriction during jaw movements. Many oral habits are common and usually do not harm the TMJ and associated structures. However, these habits may result in TMJ disorders, if the activity goes beyond someone's physiological tolerance. The causes of degenerative changes of TMJ are believed to be multifactorial and controversial too.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of oral habits and its relationship with temporomandibular disorders in the Saudi population of Taif city.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 at Taif city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The Arabic version of a standardized questionnaire (recommended by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain) was used and distributed randomly among 441 citizens of Taif city.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that many respondents had different TMJ disorders, such as pain during eating, sound in jaw joint, pain around ear, temples, and cheek, headache and neck pain, change in bite, and pain during opening and closing of the mouth. On the other hand, many respondents answered that they had TMD, pain associated with nail biting\/object biting, lip biting, clenching teeth, and chewing gum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, a relationship between harmful oral habits and the development of signs and symptoms of TMDs among adolescents who lived in Taif city, KSA was noted. In the present study, no clinical examinations were conducted and only consisted of closed-ended questions, all of which may have a lower the validity rate. An effort was made to overcome these limitations by using a well-designed standardized questionnaire by the American Academy of the Orofacial Pain. We conclude that further studies are required and using of clinical examination to measure the severity of the signs and symptoms for better understanding the association of oral habits with TMJ disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_381_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:36:28Z","timestamp":1682487388000},"page":"115-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Relationship between bad oral habits, signs, and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders among Saudi population: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Bhari Sharanesha","family":"Manjunatha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor (Associate), Basic Oral Medicine and Allied Dental Sciences, University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshari Saeed","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Graduate, University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Ibrahim","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Graduate, University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holenarasipur Vasantakumar","family":"Amith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Preventive and Community Dentistry, University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar Saleh","family":"Alshamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Restorative Dental Sciences and Director, University Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Campus, Hawaiah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.08.007","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders and other orofacial pain disorders","volume":"55","author":"Okeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent Clin N Am"},{"key":"R3-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1910","article-title":"Effect of Shortened Dental Arch on Temporomandibular Joint Intra-articular Disorders","volume":"32","author":"Reissmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"R4-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512012000200016","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional oral habits: An anamnestic study","volume":"17","author":"Melchior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"R5-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02254.x","article-title":"Bruxism, oral parafunctions, anamnestic and clinical findings of temporomandibular disorders in children","volume":"39","author":"Emodi-Perlman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R6-20260303","first-page":"ZC45","article-title":"Association between harmful oral habits and sign and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders among adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Motghare","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R7-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2001.00708.x","article-title":"Oral habits among adolescent girls and their association with symptoms of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"28","author":"Winocur","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R8-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2000.00484.x","article-title":"Oral habits and their association with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in adolescent females","volume":"27","author":"Gavish","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R10-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2003.01187.x","article-title":"Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunctions among Saudi children","volume":"30","author":"Farsi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R11-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1996.d01-181.x","article-title":"Stomatognathic dysfunctional symptoms in Saudi Arabian adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Abdel-Hakim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R12-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-2-25","article-title":"Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and oral parafunctions in urban Saudi Arabian adolescents: A research report","volume":"2","author":"Feteih","year":"2006","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"R13-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1024","article-title":"The association among childhood headaches, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and health care use","volume":"117","author":"Strine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R14-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00957.x","article-title":"Headache children with temporomandibular disorders have several types of pain and other symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Liljestrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"R15-20260303","first-page":"74","article-title":"Coincidence and awareness of oral parafunctions in college students","volume":"29","author":"Panek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"R16-20260303","first-page":"3","article-title":"Association between parafunctional habits and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction among adolescents","volume":"11","author":"Motta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R17-20260303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1990.0043","article-title":"Epidemiology of signs and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: Clinical signs in cases and controls","volume":"120","author":"Dworkin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_381_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:35:55Z","timestamp":1787769355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_381_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_381_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-10","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-16","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}