{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:24:48Z","timestamp":1783347888237,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates salivary Survivin and Caspase-3 as key regulators of apoptosis across a disease spectrum\u2014from gutka chewers without lesions to oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, and caspase-3, the principal executioner caspase, represent crucial biomarkers of malignant transformation, especially in populations with high smokeless tobacco exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analytical study included 92 participants divided into: controls (n = 17), gutka chewers without lesions (n = 25), OSMF (n = 25), and OSCC (n = 25). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analysed for Survivin and Caspase-3 using ELISA. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation and Kruskal\u2013Wallis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean survivin levels demonstrated a progressive increase from healthy subjects (1.00 \u00b1 0.73 pg\/ml) to gutka chewers without lesions (2.00 \u00b1 1.36 pg\/ml), OSMF (3.50 \u00b1 2.82 pg\/ml), and OSCC (5.00 \u00b1 3.04 pg\/ml), indicating a trend towards increased anti-apoptotic activity with disease progression. In contrast, Caspase-3 levels showed a biphasic pattern, measuring 4.90 \u00b1 4.43 ng\/ml in healthy subjects, 4.50 \u00b1 2.71 ng\/ml in gutka chewers without lesions, decreasing to 3.50 \u00b1 2.82 ng\/ml in OSMF, and subsequently increasing to 5.50 \u00b1 3.62 ng\/ml in OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survivin demonstrated potential as a biomarker of malignant transformation in gutka-associated oral potentially malignant disorders, while the non-linear pattern of Caspase-3 highlights the complex regulatory interactions involving apoptosis suppression, hypoxic adaptation, and possible apoptosis-induced proliferation. However, both biomarkers may serve as potential indicators of disease progression, pending validation through larger multi-centre studies with longitudinal follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_396_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:00:41Z","timestamp":1783101641000},"page":"312-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the role of salivary survivin and caspase-3 in apoptosis regulation in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma among gutka chewers"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Arushi","family":"Chaure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 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