{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:20:51Z","timestamp":1787775651124,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Bellary district in Karnataka, rich in mineral resources, is a major mining industry, but prolonged exposure to mining can lead to health hazards. The study aims to assess the genotoxic impact of mining pollutants on mine workers using the micro-nucleus (MN) assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 250 individuals (198 males and 52 females) working in mining areas were examined, and their oral findings were recorded in a proforma. For the micro-nucleus assay, buccal smears from 30 individuals working in mining areas with habits, 30 individuals working in mining areas without habits, and 30 individuals residing in non-mining areas (control group) were selected. Smears were stained with Giemsa stain to identity and quantify the MNs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of oral mucosal problems among 250 persons working in mining regions was 170 (68.0%) with no oral mucosal conditions, 79 (32.6%) with oral mucosal conditions, 25 (10%) with leukoplakia, 1 (0.4%) with lichen planus, and 8 (3.2%) with ulcerations. Acute necrotising gingivitis was reported in one person (0.4%), candidiasis in two (0.8%), abscess in two (0.8%), OSMF in 39 (15.6%), and oral cancer in two (0.8%). The mean MN count was 2.40 + 1.57 in mine employees with habits, 2.18 + 1.25 in mine workers without habits, and 1.40 + 0.55 in normal healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced occupational health risks brought on by exposure to mining contaminants require protective measures. After being exposed to mining pollutants, exfoliated buccal mucosal cells can be examined for genotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_414_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T04:00:54Z","timestamp":1713153654000},"page":"90-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The adverse effects of mining pollutants on oral mucosa in Bellary district: A clinical and genotoxicity study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Indushekar R.","family":"Bellary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologist, Rajarajeshwari ENT, Eye and Dental Hospital, Gadag, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu D.","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 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