{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:27:56Z","timestamp":1787761676330,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intestine plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of ingested food and the elimination of undigested food, microbes, and microbial products. The functional reliability of the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells depends on the organised regulation of the epithelial cells, mucus layer, the intercellular tight junction, host innate and acquired immune response. The mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the first line of innate host defense, essentially because of the secretory products of intestinal cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of arecoline on the gastrointestinal system due to systemic absorption of the drug during the induction period of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in Wistar rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis was induced by submucosal injection of arecoline in the buccal mucosa. Arecoline hydrochloride at a dosage of 10 mg\/kg was injected into the submucosa of right buccal mucosa in experimental animals over a period of 3 months on every alternate day. After which, right buccal mucosa, gastrointestinal tract organs like stomach, large intestine, small intestine and liver were dissected, subjected to histopathological evaluation of the healthy and experimental Wistar rats were subjected to histopathological evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On histological evaluation, OSMF was seen to affect Wistar rats showed significant changes in oral mucosa, decrease number of goblet cells in the small intestine as well in the large intestine and deranged hepatocytes. These marked changes indicated a definite effect on the gastro intestinal system by arecoline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study has highlighted the effect of arecoline due to systemic absorption during the induction process of OSMF in Wistar rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_451_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:21:36Z","timestamp":1682486496000},"page":"598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Systemic effect of arecoline on the gastrointestinal system in oral submucous fibrosis affected wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Basetty 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