{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:48Z","timestamp":1787764968566,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A superficial mucocele is a unique variant of a mucocele of the oral cavity that was described by Eveson for the first time in 1988. It occurs due to subepithelial extravasation of sialomucin at the epithelial\u2013connective tissue interface and is related to damage of the minor salivary gland ducts. Clinically, they appear as small, asymptomatic, clear, tense vesicles with a predilection for the soft palate, retromolar pads, and posterior buccal mucosa. They are reported to occur more frequently in women than in men. Before Eveson endeavoured to describe these rather peculiar lesions, they were often misdiagnosed as vesiculobullous lesions such as bullous lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and the like. It is incumbent on the present-day pathologist to be cognizant of the presence of these entities as it could present a formidable diagnostic challenge otherwise. This review gives an updated account on the etiology, prevalence, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of superficial mucoceles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_470_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T23:00:10Z","timestamp":1703113210000},"page":"616-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic challenges of superficial mucoceles: An update"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anitha K.","family":"Pandarathodiyil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SEGI University, Jalan Teknologi, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sivapathasundharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Priyadharshini Dental College, Pandur, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","first-page":"100","author":"Sivapathasundharam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cysts of oro-facial region:In Shafer's textbook of oral pathology:9th Edition Elsevier, India"},{"key":"R2-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(88)90239-3","article-title":"Superficial mucoceles:Pitfall in clinical and microscopic diagnosis","volume":"66","author":"Eveson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R3-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199002000-00013","article-title":"Superficial mucoceles of the oral mucosa","volume":"12","author":"Jensen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R4-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.02.052","article-title":"Oral mucoceles:A clinicopathologic review of 1,824 cases, including unusual variants","volume":"69","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202204965","article-title":"Oral mucoceles:A Brazillian multicenter study of 1,901 Cases","volume":"33","author":"Miranda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R6-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2015.09.013","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of mucus extravasation phenomenon at an oral pathology referral center during a 43 year period","volume":"82","author":"Bezerra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R7-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70064-8","article-title":"Superficial mucocele:Report of 4 cases","volume":"88","author":"Bermejo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R8-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.25034","article-title":"Multiple superficial oral mucoceles:Case report","volume":"59","author":"Mandel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.50","article-title":"Recurrent multiple superficial mucocele on the palate:Histopathology and laser vaporization","volume":"95","author":"Jinbu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R10-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502762064610","article-title":"Superficial mucoceles and lichenoid graft versus host disease:Report of three cases","volume":"82","author":"Garc\u00eda-F-Villalta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R11-20260302","first-page":"E76","article-title":"Superficial oral mucoceles:Description of two cases in patients with graft-versus-host disease","volume":"36","author":"Demarosi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"R12-20260302","first-page":"793","article-title":"Multiple recurrent vesicles in oral mucosa suggestive of superficial mucocele:An unusual presentation of allergic stomatitis","volume":"4","author":"Motallebnejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"R13-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00481.x","article-title":"Tartar-control toothpaste as a possible contributory factor in the onset of superficial mucocele:A case report","volume":"15","author":"Navazesh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"R17-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.6.678","article-title":"Analysis of desquamative gingivitis using direct immunofluorescence in conjunction with histology","volume":"69","author":"Yih","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R18-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.11.059","article-title":"Recurrent superficial mucoceles associated with lichenoid disorders","volume":"64","author":"Campana","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R19-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.11.025","article-title":"Superficial mucocele of the ventral tongue:Presentation of a rare case and literature review","volume":"74","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R20-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.08.017","article-title":"Multiple superficial mucoceles concomitant with oral lichen planus:A case series","volume":"127","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R21-20260302","first-page":"2143829","article-title":"An unusual presentation of multiple superficial mucoceles occurring with oral lichen planus","volume":"2021","author":"Rungraungrayabkul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"R22-20260302","first-page":"82","article-title":"Superficial mucoceles in chronic graft-versus-host disease:A case report and review of the literature","volume":"57","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"R23-20260302","first-page":"6","article-title":"A review of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease:Considerations for dental hygiene practice","volume":"96","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Hyg"},{"key":"R24-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13515","article-title":"Multiple superficial oral mucoceles after mycoplasma-induced mucositis","volume":"35","author":"Morand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1221","article-title":"Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy:Mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis","volume":"6","author":"Sroussi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"R26-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0379","article-title":"Clinical, etiologic, and histopathologic features of Stevens-Johnson syndrome during an 8-year period at Mayo Clinic","volume":"85","author":"Wetter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R27-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01788.x","article-title":"Oral complications in the treatment of cancer patients","volume":"17","author":"Mosel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R28-20260302","first-page":"e518","article-title":"Radiation-related superficial oral mucoceles:An under-recognized acute toxicity in head and neck cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Prado-Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R29-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2015.10.006","article-title":"Superficial oral mucoceles in cancer patient after radiation therapy:An overlooked yet imperative phenomenon","volume":"52","author":"Keshet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R30-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79885-9_20","article-title":"Aquaporin-1 gene transfer to correct radiation-induced salivary hypofunction","volume":"190","author":"Baum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"R31-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V125875","article-title":"Cisplatin decreases the abundance of aquaporin water channels in rat kidney","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R32-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.11.009","article-title":"Multiple superficial mucoceles on lower lip, soft palate, retromolar region, and floor of mouth","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R33-20260302","first-page":"e18038","article-title":"Superficial mucocele:A rare presentation","volume":"13","author":"Venugopal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R34-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1159\/000084769","article-title":"Superficial mucoceles of the soft palate","volume":"210","author":"Inoue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_470_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:54:08Z","timestamp":1787763248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_470_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_470_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X","1998-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-31","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}