{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:24Z","timestamp":1787761704995,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with cell-mediated immune dysregulation. The aetiology of OLP has been studied extensively for decades. Viruses like Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and stress have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP. HPV has been proved to be an etiological agent in oropharyngeal cancers and non-tobacco-associated leukoplakia. The role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of OLP has to be studied extensively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to detect the presence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA in the biopsy samples of OLP and also to determine the role played by the virus in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biopsy samples comprising 30 OLP tissues were collected. The DNA was extracted by the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide method. Polymerase chain reaction was performed by using general primers to amplify the HPV E6 gene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve out of 30 (40%) OLP cases were positive for HPV DNA. A significant relation was found between HPV, site (buccal mucosa) and the type (reticular) of the lesion (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007). However, the difference between the percentage of HPV positive males and females was statistically insignificant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.852).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed the presence of high-risk HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA in OLP. The study showed a significantly higher expression of HPV in erosive OLP when compared to reticular OLP, suggesting a possible role of HPV in the malignant transformation of OLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_61_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T05:21:36Z","timestamp":1682486496000},"page":"495-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 DNA in oral lichen planus using polymerase chain reaction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aswathy K.","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Muthukrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Velayudhannair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanthi","family":"Varun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Vidyadharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseena","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2007.00582.x","article-title":"Nomenclature and classification of potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa","volume":"36","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R2-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.48.185","article-title":"Histochemical analysis of pathological alterations in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions","volume":"48","author":"Juneja","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R3-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.077","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. Part 1. Viral infections and etiopathogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Lodi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R5-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x","article-title":"Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications","volume":"32","author":"van der Meij","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R7-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.07.002","article-title":"Human papillomavirus molecular biology","volume":"772","author":"Harden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"key":"R8-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.033","article-title":"Classification of papillomaviruses","volume":"324","author":"De Villiers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R9-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.02.002","article-title":"Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments","volume":"401","author":"Bernard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R10-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.11.001","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations","volume":"103","author":"Al-Hashimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R11-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(08)60138-2","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus","volume":"107","author":"Talia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"R12-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.11.007","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: Malignant transformation and human papillomavirus: A review of potential clinical implications","volume":"111","author":"Gorsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R13-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. Part 2. Clinical management and malignant transformation","volume":"100","author":"Lodi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R14-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0297","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infections in the oral mucosa","volume":"14","author":"Rautava","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R15-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.5.2696","article-title":"Human papillomavirus DNA replication. Interactions between the viral E1 protein and two subunits of human DNA polymerase alpha\/primase","volume":"274","author":"Conger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R16-14-20240906","first-page":"363","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral lesions","volume":"67","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires"},{"key":"R17-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/613150","article-title":"Papillomavirus life cycle organization and biomarker selection","volume":"23","author":"Doorbar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"R18-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4099","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08594.x","article-title":"Complex formation of human papillomavirus E7 proteins with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product","volume":"8","author":"Munger","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R19-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2157286","article-title":"Association of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 E6 proteins with p53","volume":"248","author":"Werness","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R20-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-1955(93)90025-A","article-title":"Human herpes simplex-1 and papillomavirus type 16 homologous DNA sequences in normal, potentially malignant and malignant oral mucosa","volume":"29B","author":"Cox","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R21-14-20240906","first-page":"21","article-title":"Incidence of human papillomavirus infection in oral leukoplakia. Indications for a viral aetiology","volume":"25","author":"Cianfriglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R22-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03260023","article-title":"Investigation into a possible association between oral lichen planus, the human herpesviruses, and the human papillomaviruses","volume":"7","author":"OFlatharta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Diagn"},{"key":"R23-14-20240906","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses in oral lesions","volume":"20","author":"Sand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"R24-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.164528","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oral lichen planus in an Iranian cohort","volume":"19","author":"Sahebjamiee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R25-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12125","article-title":"Role of human papilloma virus-16 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus\u2014An immunohistochemical study","volume":"65","author":"Pol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R26-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-7563.2009.01200.x","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and premalignant lesions of the oral cavity: A cross-sectional study in Allahabad, North India","volume":"5","author":"Debanth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R27-14-20240906","first-page":"362750","article-title":"Oral lichen planus in that patients have a low prevalence of human papillomavirus","volume":"2013","author":"Arirachakaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"key":"R28-14-20240906","first-page":"771","article-title":"Detection of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma, leukoplakia and lichen planus in Thai patients","volume":"4","author":"Khovidhunkit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R29-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2009.00516.x","article-title":"Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential","volume":"24","author":"Szarka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R30-14-20240906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2012.04.009","article-title":"Human papillomavirus in oral atrophic lichen planus lesions","volume":"48","author":"Mattila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R31-14-20240906","first-page":"Zc20","article-title":"Molecular detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral lichen planus patients","volume":"13","author":"Sameera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R32-14-20240906","first-page":"82","article-title":"Human papilloma virus as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus","volume":"6","author":"Razavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_61_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:03:38Z","timestamp":1787760218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_61_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_61_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-029X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-029X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}}}