{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:12:03Z","timestamp":1789564323208,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the clinical use of computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD\/CAM)-fabricated fixed lingual retainers has increased globally, evidence about their adoption among orthodontists in the Middle East remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate current knowledge levels, attitudes, and clinical practices of Iraqi orthodontists regarding CAD\/CAM fixed lingual retainers and, which demographic or professional factors influence their clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTINGS AND DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a period of 3 months, a 25-item questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to collect data on clinical preferences and CAD\/CAM use and awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS AND MATERIALS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a period of 3 months, a 25-item questionnaire was distributed to the Iraqi orthodontists via Google Forms to collect data on clinical preferences and CAD\/CAM use and awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 12.6% of the participants had incorporated CAD\/CAM retainers into routine clinical work. After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, CAD\/CAM implementation remained significantly associated with practice setting. Orthodontists in private practice were the primary adopters of CAD\/CAM technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The preference of Iraqi orthodontists for CAD\/CAM retention technology over conventional procedures remains limited. Expanding continuing education initiatives and including digital workflows training in postgraduate orthodontic programs may have potential for broader clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_199_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:01:38Z","timestamp":1789563698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical integration and utilization patterns of computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) fixed lingual retainers: A national survey of orthodontists"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hiba M.","family":"Alkhateeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Al-Attar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.02.022","article-title":"Retention decisions and protocols among orthodontists practicing in Canada: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"162","author":"Carneiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2020.47.5.421","article-title":"Orthodontic bonded retainers: A narrative review","volume":"47","author":"Meade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent Update"},{"key":"R3-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS2.5483","article-title":"The influence of fixed orthodontic retainer on oral microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Al-Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"R4-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjx058","article-title":"Bonded versus vacuum-formed retainers: A randomized controlled trial. 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