{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:24:02Z","timestamp":1787775842344,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n INTRODUCTION:<\/jats:title>\n Repeated clinical use of arch wires requires sterilization and may result in alteration of the properties of the wires as they get subjected to corrosion and cold working. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of different clinical recycling methods on the load-deflection properties of super-elastic and thermal nickel\u2013titanium orthodontic arch wires.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 50 0.014\u201d round nickel\u2013titanium orthodontic wires [Group I: super-elastic nickel\u2013titanium (n = 25) and Group II: thermal nickel\u2013titanium wires (n = 25)] were tested for changes in their load deflection properties after three different recycling methods, that is, dry heat sterilization, autoclave, and cold sterilization. For each group, five wires as received from the manufacturer were taken as control (T0), and the rest of the 20 wires were placed intra-orally for a duration of one cycle of clinical use (T1). Five wires out of these were subjected to 3-point bending tests, and the rest of the wires were subjected to different recycling methods. Load deflection properties of recycled wires were measured with an Instron universal testing machine. The results were tabulated, and the data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Statistically, no significant difference was found in the super-elastic group between samples recycled by dry heat, autoclave, and cold sterilization when compared with as-received super-elastic NiTi up to 2.5 mm of deflection. A highly significant difference was found between as-received thermal NiTi group (83.51 \u00b1 6.49 N\/mm) and samples recycled by dry heat (53.73 \u00b1 4.72 N\/mm), autoclave (45.38 \u00b1 4.37 N\/mm), and cold sterilization (48.44 \u00b1 3.12 N\/mm) at 0.5 mm of deflection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Among thermal NiTi, any of the sterilization methods could opt at all deflections. For super-elastic NiTi, at higher deflections or in cases of crowding of more than 2.5 mm, cold sterilization should be the method of choice, whereas any sterilization method can be used at deflections less than 2.5 mm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_200_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T13:26:11Z","timestamp":1726579571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of different clinical recycling methods on load deflection properties of super-elastic and thermal nickel\u2013titanium orthodontic arch wires: A comparative assessment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Priti","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vipul Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipti","family":"Shashtri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Bhagchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81486-6","article-title":"Trends in sterilization and disinfection","volume":"98","author":"Cash","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.107382","article-title":"Autoclaving and clinical recycling: Effects on mechanical properties of orthodontic wires","volume":"23","author":"Oshagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind J Dent Res"},{"key":"R3-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70023-4","article-title":"Load-deflection characteristics nickel-titanium alloy wires after clinical recycling and dry heat sterilization","volume":"102","author":"Kapila","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70013-M","article-title":"Bending properties of superelastic and nonsuperelastic nickel-titanium orthodontic wires","volume":"99","author":"Khier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(86)90021-1","article-title":"The super-elastic property of the Japanese NiTi alloy wire for use in orthodontics","volume":"90","author":"Miura","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R7-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1971.0209","article-title":"An evaluation of 55 cobalt substituted nitinol wire for use in orthodontics","volume":"82","author":"Andreasen","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R8-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70082-8","article-title":"Effects of clinical recycling on mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloy wires","volume":"100","author":"Kapila","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R9-20240923","first-page":"141","article-title":"The effects of sterilization on the tensile strength of orthodontic wires","volume":"63","author":"Staggers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R10-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/0974909820110305","article-title":"Effects of recycling on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloy wires: A comparative study","volume":"45","author":"Potnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ind Orthod Soc"},{"key":"R11-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(88)80008-8","article-title":"Effects of sterilization on the mechanical properties and the surface topography of nickel-titanium arch wires","volume":"93","author":"Mayhew","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R12-20240923","first-page":"105","article-title":"Influence of different recycling protocols on load deflection of nickel titanium orthodontic wires","volume":"20","author":"Khatieeb","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bagh Coll Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5368\/aedj.2011.3.3.1.6","article-title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Different Kinds of Sterilizations On Load Deflection Characteristics, Tensile Properties of Copper NITI Wire-AN Invitro Study","volume":"3","author":"Cherukuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals and Essences of Dentistry"},{"key":"R14-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjh076","article-title":"Influence of autoclave sterilization on surface parameters and mechanical properties of six orthodontic wires","volume":"27","author":"Pernier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R15-20240923","first-page":"229","article-title":"Analysis of elemental composition of a heat activated, multi-force nickel titanium orthodontic archwire","volume":"47","author":"Petrunov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bulg Chem Commun"},{"key":"R16-20240923","first-page":"286","article-title":"Force levels of nickel titanium initial archwires","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"R17-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_45_19","article-title":"Impact of recycling on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloy wires and the efficacy of their reuse after cold sterilization","volume":"9","author":"Yadav","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthodontic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_200_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:43:39Z","timestamp":1787773419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_200_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jos.jos_200_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2278-1897","2278-0203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2278-1897","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-0203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}