{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1787775829604,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n AIM:<\/jats:title>\n The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare muscle activity after the treatment with rigid and flexible fixed functional appliance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIAL AND METHOD:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study was conducted on 14 skeletal Class II malocclusion patients in the age group of 13\u201317 years, divided into two groups comprising 7 patients in each group. Group I was treated with a rigid fixed functional appliance (MPA IV), and Group II was treated with a flexible fixed functional appliance (Churro Jumper). Masseter and anterior temporalis muscle activities were recorded using needle electromyography (EMG) at postural rest, saliva swallowing, and clenching during five intervals (T\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n to T\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) during fixed functional appliance treatment. Unpaired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, Mann\u2013Whitney U, and Wilcoxon sign rank test were applied for statistical analysis, and a\n P<\/jats:italic>\n value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Group I (MPA IV) showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), swallowing (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.013,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005), and clenching (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively. Group II (Churro jumper) also showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.000,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.000), swallowing (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.000), and clenching (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.000) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n Both rigid (MPA IV) and flexible (Churro Jumper) fixed functional appliances caused a significant increase in EMG activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscle during postural rest position, swallowing, and clenching in 6 months of the observation period, but the flexible appliance (Churro Jumper) showed more significant increase.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_208_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T13:16:20Z","timestamp":1726578980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of muscle response in patients treated with rigid and flexible fixed functional appliances"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Saini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Subharti Dental College, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Punia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Indraprastha Dental College and Hospital, Sahibabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanjula","family":"Shair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Subharti Dental College, Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monis","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240923","first-page":"48","article-title":"Nocturnal masseter and suprahyoid muscle activity induced by wearing a bionator","volume":"72","author":"Hiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20240923","first-page":"85","article-title":"En Kritisk betraktning over \u201cDet norske system","volume":"47","author":"Selmer-Olsen","year":"1937","journal-title":"\u201d Nor Tannlaegefor Tid"},{"key":"R4-20240923","first-page":"482","article-title":"An experimental study on the functional jaw orthopedics","volume":"15","author":"Umehara","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Stomatol Soc"},{"key":"R5-20240923","first-page":"391","article-title":"Investigations into orthodontic forces of different appliances","author":"Witt","year":"1966","journal-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc"},{"key":"R6-20240923","first-page":"141","article-title":"An evaluation of anterior temporalis and masseter muscle activity in Appliance therapy","volume":"69","author":"Greco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R7-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70225-8","article-title":"Muscle response to the Twin-block appliance: An electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles","volume":"116","author":"Aggarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R8-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(78)90048-9","article-title":"Early and late electromyographic response to treatment with activators","volume":"74","author":"Ahlgren","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R9-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90159-1","article-title":"Activity of temporal and masseter muscles in Class II division 1 Malocclusions: An EMG investigation","volume":"77","author":"Pancherz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R10-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90277-8","article-title":"Muscle activity in Class II Division 1 malocclusions treated by bite jumping with the Herbst appliance: An electromyographic study","volume":"78","author":"Pancherz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R11-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81599-9","article-title":"Effects of functional appliances on jaw-muscle activity","volume":"98","author":"Sessle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R12-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-011-0048-x","article-title":"Neuromuscular adaptations with flexible fixed functional appliance-a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"72","author":"Sood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"R13-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(73)90290-X","article-title":"Neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations to altered function in the orofacial region","volume":"64","author":"McNamara","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R14-20240923","first-page":"6642254","article-title":"Surface Electromyography (sEMG) Activity of Masticatory Muscle (Masseter and Temporalis) with Three Different Types of Orthodontic Bracket","volume":"2021","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R15-20240923","first-page":"18","article-title":"Mandibular protraction appliance IV","volume":"35","author":"Filho","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"R16-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(90)70102-I","article-title":"Changes in power spectrums of electromyograms of masseter and anterior temporal muscles during functional appliance therapy in children","volume":"97","author":"Yuen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"R17-20240923","first-page":"731","article-title":"Clinical use of the Churro jumper","volume":"32","author":"Castanon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"R19-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.25.431","article-title":"Functional ability of masticatory muscles in treated mandibular fracture cases using surface electromyography (sEMG)","volume":"25","author":"Basri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hard Tissue Biol"},{"key":"R20-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(49)90078-0","article-title":"Temporomandibular muscle contraction patterns in Angle Class II division 1 malocclusions: An electromyographic analysis","volume":"35","author":"Moyers","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R21-20240923","first-page":"280","article-title":"The chewing apparatus. An EMG study of the action of the muscles of mastication and its correlation to facial morphology","volume":"69","author":"Moller","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"R22-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(75)90138-4","article-title":"Function: Fact or fiction?","volume":"67","author":"Moss","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R23-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.26.23","article-title":"Evaluation of masticatory muscles function in different malocclusion cases using surface electromyography","volume":"26","author":"Nishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hard Tissue Biol"},{"key":"R24-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.184156","article-title":"Uses of electromyography in dentistry: An overview with meta-analysis","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R25-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1993.11677963","article-title":"The immediate effect of the variation of anteroposterior laterotrusiveconctact on the elevator EMG activity","volume":"11","author":"Manns","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"R26-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80183-0","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of group function and canine guidance interocclusal device on masseter muscle electromyographic activity in normal subjects","volume":"74","author":"Borromeo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R27-20240923","first-page":"277","article-title":"Patterns of electromyographic activity in subjects with different skeletal facial types","volume":"61","author":"Miralles","year":"1991","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R28-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/14.5.339","article-title":"Muscle response to the oral-screen activator. An EMG study of the masseter, buccinator and mentalis muscles","volume":"14","author":"Stavridi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R29-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000141091","article-title":"An electromyographic study of the activity of certain suprahyoid muscles (mainly the anterior belly of digastric muscle) and of the reciprocal innervation of the elevator and depressor musculature of the mandible","volume":"26","author":"Carlsoo","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"R30-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(57)90161-6","article-title":"An electromyographic study of the temporal muscle in normal persons during selected positions and movements of the mandible","volume":"43","author":"Latif","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R31-20240923","first-page":"85","article-title":"The question of tonus in skeletal muscle","volume":"32","author":"Ralston","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"R32-20240923","first-page":"647","article-title":"A retrospective assessment of alterations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after applying fixed orthodontic appliances: An original research study","volume":"3","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCDR"},{"key":"R33-20240923","first-page":"e32612","article-title":"Analysis of smile aesthetic changes with fixed orthodontic treatment","volume":"14","author":"Saini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R34-20240923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.JOS_74_17","article-title":"Association between muscle activity and overjet in class II malocclusion with surface electromyography","volume":"7","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthodont Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthodontic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_208_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:43:21Z","timestamp":1787773401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_208_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jos.jos_208_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2278-1897","2278-0203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2278-1897","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-0203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}